论文部分内容阅读
一、防止烤苗与寒苗。(1)地膜覆盖栽培中发生烤苗的原因有两种:一是放风不及时或放风量不够,地膜下高温烧伤菜苗。二是定植孔等封闭不严密,膜下高温、高湿气体从孔中冲出伤害作物茎叶。防止办法是及时放风炼苗,平时要把引苗出膜的膜孔及定植孔封严。(2)地膜覆盖栽培中发生寒苗(包括霜冻和冷害)的原因也有两种:一是定植(播种)偏早,二是倒春寒,防止办法是增加临时覆盖物防寒。二、防止肥水短缺。蔬菜地膜覆盖栽培中经常出现肥水短缺问题。究其原因,通常是由于作物对肥水条件的要求提高,且高峰期提前,而基肥和底墒不足,或肥水管理没有相应跟上,造成肥水短缺。防止办法是:适当增加基肥施用量和浇足底水,要根据地膜覆盖蔬菜栽培的特点和肥水规律,及时追肥浇水。
First, to prevent roasted seedlings and cold seedlings. (1) There are two reasons for the roasted seedlings in the mulching cultivation: one is that the wind is not timely or the amount of ventilation is not enough, and the mulching under high temperature burns. Second, colonization holes and other closed is not tight, the membrane under high temperature, high humidity gas out of the hole crop injury stems and leaves. Prevention is timely windbreaker, usually should lead seedlings out of membrane holes and planting holes sealed. (2) There are two reasons for the occurrence of cold frost (including frost and chilling injury) in the plastic film mulching cultivation: firstly, the planting (sowing) is too early and the second is late spring, preventing the temporary covering from being cold. Second, to prevent fertilizer shortage. Vegetable mulching cultivation often appears the problem of fertilizer and water shortage. The reason is usually due to crop conditions of fertilizer and water requirements increased, and the peak early, while inadequate basal and bottom moisture, or fertilizer and water management did not keep up, resulting in a shortage of fertilizer and water. Preventive measures are: Appropriate to increase the amount of basal fertilizer and pour the foot of water, according to the characteristics of plastic film mulch cultivation and fertilizer law, fertilizer timely watering.