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在编写《汉语大词典》的过程中,五彩纷呈的汉语称谓引起了我们的兴趣,并有心搜集了部分有关称谓的资料。现结合《古今称谓辞典》的性质特点作一番研究,以期引起更深入的探讨。关于古今汉语的称谓,我们共收制了四万多张卡片.把这些卡片进行若干分类.便发现汉语称谓在名实关系上有两个显着的特点:其一,异名同指。即多种各不相同的称谓形式,同指一种人际关系或对象。其二,同名异指.即两种以上的人际关系或对象,由同一种称谓形式来表示。前者在汉语称谓系统中颇具普遍性,可以说80%以上的称谓对象都有两种或两种以上的称谓形式;后者所占的比例约为20%,纷繁复杂,具有一定的特殊性。
In the course of compiling the “Chinese Dictionary”, the colorful Chinese appellation aroused our interest and collected some information about the appellation. Now with the “ancient and modern titles dictionary” of the nature and characteristics of some research, with a view to cause more in-depth discussion. As for the titles of ancient and modern Chinese, we have received over 40,000 cards in total, and categorized these cards into several categories and found that there are two notable distinctions in the relationship between name and reality: First, synonyms. That is, a variety of different forms of appellation, referring to a relationship or object. Second, the same name refers to means that more than two kinds of interpersonal relationships or objects, by the same appellation form to represent. The former is quite universal in the Chinese title system, and it can be said that over 80% of the title objects have two or more title forms; the latter accounts for about 20% of the total number of titles, is complicated and has certain particularities.