机车运行时车体及转向架各部件内均会出现动应力。众所周知,这些动应力是在机事作水平及垂直向振动时发生的。正如分拆交通部铁道科学研究院对ЧС2电力机车所作的试验结果所指出的,在静应力主要由车体重量产生的转向架构架断面内的动应力-速度关系图σ_v=f(v)类似于车体垂直加速度-速度关系图(图1)。而在静应力主要由转向架重量产生的断 Moving locomotive body and bogie components will appear in the dynamic stress. It is well known that these dynamic stresses occur when the machine is vibrating horizontally and vertically. As pointed out in the test results of the ЧС2 electric locomotive by the Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Railways, the dynamic stress-velocity diagram σ_v = f (v) in the cross-section of the bogie frame mainly due to the body weight of the static stress is similar In the body vertical acceleration - speed diagram (Figure 1). The static stress is mainly caused by the bogie weight off