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植物病害是降低植物产量和产品品质的重要因素,但对其在气候变化情景下如何影响植物的研究鲜见报道。利用封闭式人工气候室模拟不同环境处理,探讨了大气CO2浓度增加和温度升高情况下白粉菌(Podosphaera xanthii)侵染对西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo)生长发育的影响。结果表明,单独CO2加富(EC)增强了西葫芦光合作用(P<0.05),促进了植株生长和果实生产;CO2浓度和温度同时升高(ECT)也促进了光合作用(P<0.05),加速了植株器官发育,但限制了叶片叶绿素合成和叶片面积生长,最终明显降低了植株地上部分干物质积累和果实产量(P<0.05)。和对照相比,EC处理下白粉菌的生长繁殖没有明显变化,但由于西葫芦植株的抗病性有所改善,植株病情指数略有下降;而ECT处理下白粉菌的发育繁殖明显改善,P.xanthii菌落规模和产孢能力极大提高(P<0.01),植物病情指数显著加重(P<0.01),作物严重减产(P<0.01)。可见,在未来以CO2浓度和温度升高为特征的气候变化条件下,白粉菌倾向于加重对西葫芦的侵染。这个结论对其他葫芦科白粉病的防治管理也有借鉴作用。
Plant disease is an important factor in reducing plant yield and product quality, but little is reported about how it affects plants in climate change scenarios. The effects of Podosphaera xanthii infection on the growth and development of Cucurbita pepo were studied by using closed artificial climate chamber to simulate different environmental treatments. The results showed that CO2 enrichment (EC) alone enhanced photosynthesis (P <0.05) and promoted plant growth and fruit production; the simultaneous increase of CO2 concentration and temperature (ECT) also promoted photosynthesis (P <0.05) Accelerated plant organ development, but limited leaf chlorophyll synthesis and leaf area growth, eventually significantly reducing plant dry matter accumulation and fruit yield (P <0.05). Compared with the control, the growth and reproduction of the powdery mildew did not change significantly under the EC treatment, but the disease index of the squash decreased slightly due to the improvement of the disease resistance of the squash, while the growth and development of the powdery mildew of the ECT treatment significantly improved, The xanthii colony size and sporulation ability were greatly increased (P <0.01), the plant disease index was significantly increased (P <0.01), the crop was seriously reduced (P <0.01). It can be seen that the powdery mildew tends to aggravate the zucchini infection under the climate change conditions characterized by the increase of CO2 concentration and temperature in the future. This conclusion is also useful for the prevention and control of other Cucurbit powdery mildew.