Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the most common clinical diseases,affecting 2.8％ of all trauma patients.Almost half PNI result in nerve defect with an extensive gap which must be bridged with permissive natural or artificial grafts.In recent decades,tissue-en-gineered artificial nerve graft was widely studied and accepted a permissive strategy for repairing the peripheral nerve defect.Typical tissue engineering graft includes biomaterial scaffold,growth and differentiation factors,and seed cells.For nerve tissue engineering,Schwann cells and kinds of stem cells can be used as seed cells.The seed cells are prospected to secrete various bioactive molecules to enhance the axonal regeneration,as well as differentiate to remyelinate the regenerated axons.