目的:探讨直接前方入路（direct anterior approach, DAA）联合直接后方入路（direct posterior approach，DPA）治疗PipkinⅣ型股骨头骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年4月采用DAA联合DPA入路治疗18例PipkinⅣ型股骨头骨折患者资料，男13例，女5例；年龄19~56岁，平均43.2岁；车祸伤15例，高处坠落伤3例；13例股骨头骨折线位于股骨头凹下方，5例骨折线位于股骨头凹上方；髋臼骨折按Letournel-Judet分型：后壁骨折14例，后柱伴后壁骨折2例，横断伴后壁骨折2例。采用DAA入路处理股骨头骨折，采用DPA入路处理髋臼骨折。术后行骨盆X线及CT检查，评价骨折复位、愈合情况及股骨头坏死、坐骨神经损伤、臀上血管神经损伤、异位骨化等情况；按照Matta影像学标准评价髋臼复位质量；采用Thompson-Epstein评分系统评价髋关节功能。结果:18例患者手术时间75~205 min，平均133 min；术中出血240~600 ml，平均371 ml。所有患者手术切口一期愈合。18例患者均获得随访，随访时间6~36个月，平均15.7个月；骨折均愈合，愈合时间10~14周。3例患者伤后出现坐骨神经损伤症状，均于术后6~12周恢复。股骨头骨折均获得复位，Matta影像学标准示髋臼解剖复位13例，满意复位3例，不满意复位2例，总体满意率88.9%（16/18）。术后2例患者发生异位骨化，均为BrookerⅠ级；无一例发生医源性血管损伤、股骨头缺血性坏死、感染、内固定物断裂等并发症。末次随访，根据Thompson-Epstein评价系统评价髋关节功能，其中优7例，良8例，可2例，差1例。结论:DAA联合DPA入路治疗PipkinⅣ型股骨头骨折手术创伤相对较小，术中能直视下复位、固定股骨头及髋臼后部骨折，可有效保护旋股内侧动脉、坐骨神经、股外侧皮神经等重要结构，降低股骨头缺血性坏死、异位骨化等并发症的发生，术后临床疗效满意。“,”Objective:To explore the efficacyof direct anterior approach (DAA) combined with direct posterior approach (DPA) for the treatment of Pipkin IV fracture.Methods:Data of 18 patients with Pipkin IV fracture treated through DAA combined with DPA from January 2016 to April 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 5 females, with an average age of 43.2 years (range,19-56 years). Fractures were caused by traffic accident in 15 and by falling in 3. The fracture lines of 13 cases were located below the fovea of the femoral head and 5 cases were located above the fovea. According to Letournel-Judet classification for acetabular fractures, there were 14 cases of posterior acetabular wall fractures, 2 cases of posterior wall fractures involving posterior column, and 2 transverse plus posterior wall fractures. The operation was performed through DAA approach to treat the femoral head fractures, and DPA approach was used to treat acetabular fractures. Radiographs and CT scans of the pelvis were reexamined after surgery, and fracture reduction, healing, and complications such as femoral head necrosis, sciatic nerve injury, superior gluteal neurovascular injury and heterotopic ossification were evaluated. Quality of acetabular reduction was evaluated according to the criteria proposed by Matta. Thompson-Epstein scoring system was used to evaluate hip function.Results:The average operation time was 133 min (range, 75-205 min). And the average blood loss was 371 ml (range, 240-600 ml). All 18 patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months, with an average period of 15.7 months. All fractures healed 10 to14 weeks after surgery. Three patients had symptoms of sciatic nerve injury after the injury, who recovered 6 to 12 weeks after the operation. All femoral head fractures were reduced. According to Matta criteria of reduction quality, anatomic reduction was gained in 13 cases, and satisfactory reduction was obtained in 3 cases, while unsatisfactory reduction was found in 2 cases, and the overall satisfactory rate was 88.9%(16/18). Two patients had Brooker I level heterotopic ossification. There was no iatrogenic vascular injury, avascular necrosis of femoral head, infection, internal fixation failure or other complications. According to the Thompson-Epstein scoring system at the latest follow-up, the functional results of the affected hip were excellent in 7 cases, good in 8, fair in 2 and poor in 1.Conclusion:Treatment of Pipkin IV fractures through DAA combined with DPA approach reduces surgical invasion. And it can directly reduce and fix the femoral head and posterior acetabular fracture, and protect the important structures such as the arteriae circumflexa femoris medialis, sciatic nerve and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and reduce the occurrence of complications such as femoral head necrosis and heterotopic ossification. Therefore, DAA combined with DPA is aneffective method for the treatment of Pipkin IV fractures.