一、引言金属与合金中的扩散是钢铁热处理、特别是化学热处理的基本过程,同时也是近代金属学与金属物理领域中一个十分重要的问题。了解扩散的规律,对于合理对待与控制钢的化学热处理工艺有着特别重要的意义。自从19世纪末叶以来,人们对固体中的扩散现象已经作过大量的理轮与实验研究工作,并取得了巨 I. INTRODUCTION Diffusion in metals and alloys is the basic process of steel heat treatment, especially chemical heat treatment. It is also a very important issue in the field of modern metallurgy and metal physics. To understand the law of diffusion is of particular importance for the rational treatment and control of chemical heat treatment of steel. Since the end of the 19th century, a great deal of theoretical and experimental work has been done on the phenomenon of diffusion in solids, and great progress has been made