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目的分析2005—2012年重庆市九龙坡区94起学校传染病暴发疫情流行病学特征及影响因素,为有效指导和防控学校传染病暴发提供科学依据。方法收集、整理重庆市九龙坡区2005—2012年传染病暴发疫情资料,运用描述性流行病学方法进行综合分析。结果共报告94起传染病暴发疫情,发病1 779例,无死亡病例,波及人数111 085人,罹患率为1.60%,其中农村学校暴发疫情平均罹患率(2.53%)高于城镇学校(0.96%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=419.82,P<0.01);每年4—6月、9—11月为学校传染病暴发疫情高发季节;疫情发病人数居前5位的分别为流行性腮腺炎(15起,485例)、手足口病(32起,420例)、风疹(13起,400例)、流行性感冒(8起,205例)、水痘(8起,192例)。结论小学与幼儿园是各种传染病疫情的高发场所,每年5—6月、11—12月应加强学校传染病疫情监测和防控,有效预防控制传染病暴发疫情的发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of 94 outbreaks of infectious diseases in 94 schools in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing from 2005 to 2012 and provide scientific basis for effective guidance and prevention and control of outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools. Methods The data of outbreaks of infectious diseases in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing from 2005 to 2012 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 94 outbreaks of infectious diseases were reported, including 1 779 cases without any deaths. The number of deaths was 111 085 and the prevalence rate was 1.60%. Among them, the average outbreak rate of rural outbreaks was 2.53% higher than that of urban schools (0.96% ), The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 419.82, P <0.01); each year from April to June, September to November for the outbreak of infectious diseases school season; epidemic outbreak of the top five were mumps (15 cases, 485 cases), HFMD (32 cases, 420 cases), rubella (13 cases, 400 cases), influenza (8 cases, 205 cases) and chickenpox (8 cases, 192 cases). Conclusions Primary schools and kindergartens are the high incidence places for various infectious diseases. From May to June each year and from November to December each year, we should strengthen the monitoring and prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools and effectively prevent and control the outbreak of infectious diseases.