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线性α-烯烃(LAO)是指C4～C4+高碳直链端烯烃。LAO的主要生产方法是乙烯齐聚工艺,主要技术有CPChem公司的Ziegler工艺、INEOS公司的改进的Ziegler工艺、Shell公司的SHOP工艺、日本出光石化公司的Idemitsu工艺、Dopont公司的VERSIPOL工艺等。其中Shell公司的SHOP工艺路线复杂、工艺路线长,除齐聚过程外,还有歧化、异构化等,因此生产成本最高,但其产品质量好、分布灵活,并可使α-烯烃转化生产内烯烃。乙烯齐聚合成α-烯烃的催化剂的研究取得很大进展。近年来出现采用非均相法烯烃齐聚制备α-烯烃的研究报道和专利,非均相(尤其是分子筛催化剂)体系具有可显著降低α-烯烃的生产成本等突出优点。国内到目前为止已获得84项乙烯齐聚催化剂方面的专利授权。随着聚乙烯(PE)工业的迅速发展,对α-烯烃,特别是1-己烯和1-辛烯的需求越来越大。1-己烯共聚PE是目前增长最快的品种。世界共有11个生产商的13套α-烯烃生产装置生产运行,主要集中在北美、欧洲、南非、日本等。2009年世界α-烯烃生产能力为4334kt/a,2010年超过4914kt/a,预计到2013年将超过5000kt/a。
Linear alpha-olefins (LAOs) refer to C4-C4 + higher-end linear olefins. The main production method of LAO is ethylene oligomerization process. The main technologies are CPChem’s Ziegler process, INEOS’s improved Ziegler process, Shell’s SHOP process, Idemitsu process from Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. and Dopont VERSIPOL process. Shell company SHOP process route is complex, long process route, in addition to oligomerization process, there are disproportionation, isomerization, etc., so the highest cost of production, but its good product quality, flexible distribution, and can make alpha-olefins into production Internal olefins. Great progress has been made in the study of the catalyst for the oligomerization of ethylene to α-olefin. In recent years, there have been reports and patents on the preparation of α-olefins by heterogeneous olefin oligomerization. Heterogeneous (especially molecular sieve catalyst) systems have the outstanding advantages of significantly reducing the production cost of α-olefins and the like. So far China has won 84 ethylene oligomerization catalyst patents. With the rapid development of the polyethylene (PE) industry, there is an increasing demand for alpha-olefins, especially 1-hexene and 1-octene. 1-hexene copolymer PE is the fastest growing species. The world’s total of 11 producers of 13 sets of α-olefin production unit production operations, mainly in North America, Europe, South Africa, Japan and so on. In 2009, the world’s α-olefin production capacity was 4334kt / a, exceeding 4914kt / a in 2010 and is expected to exceed 5000kt / a by 2013.