水环境中的病原微生物是一个重要的公共卫生问题。贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫是世界上最主要的2种能导致人体腹泻的寄生虫,具有潜伏期长、个体小、致病性强且容易暴发流行的特点,对公共卫生安全造成严重威胁。预防其暴发的关键就是通过优化水处理的工艺来确保饮用水的安全,但由于供水系统极易遭受各种形式的二次污染,依然存在着不能完全去除的风险。自新的生活饮用水卫生标准实施以来,我国对水源水和饮用水的相关调查和监测逐渐增多,贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫时常被检出。本文就近年来对水环境中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的检测技术进展情况进行综述,并针对现行的国标检测方法提出影响因素分析及质量控制方法。随着免疫学和现代分子生物学的不断发展,新的检测技术不断涌现,并具有良好的应用前景。 Pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment are an important public health issue. Giardia and Cryptosporidium are the two main parasites in the world that cause diarrhea in humans. They have the characteristics of long incubation period, small individuals, strong pathogenicity and epidemic-prone epidemic, posing a serious threat to public health and safety. The key to preventing the outbreak is to ensure the safety of potable water by optimizing the water treatment process, but there is still a risk that the water supply system can not be completely removed due to its vulnerability to various forms of secondary pollution. Since the implementation of the new sanitary standards for domestic drinking water, the investigation and monitoring of water and drinking water in our country have gradually increased. Giardia and Cryptosporidium are often detected. In this paper, recent progress in the detection technology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water environment is reviewed, and the influencing factors and quality control methods are proposed according to the current national standard detection methods. With the continuous development of immunology and modern molecular biology, new detection technologies are emerging and have good application prospects.