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目的了解宁乡县狂犬病流行特征及流行因素,探讨有效的防控对策。方法收集宁乡县2005-2009年法定疫情报告数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果宁乡县2005-2009年累计报告狂犬病例26例,年发病率0.15~0.61/10万。病例分布于全县16个乡镇,呈高度散发。病例以1-8月发病最多,年龄50岁以上发病占73.08%,男性发病高于女性(1.36:1),职业分布以农民为主(占80.77%),其次是民工(占7.69%)。伤人动物主要是狗(占92.31%),且87.50%为家养动物,其次是猫(占7.69%)。26例病例中,Ⅰ级暴露2例、Ⅱ级暴露19例、Ⅲ级暴露5例。动物咬伤人后到医疗机构处理的仅2例。被动物咬伤后未进行任何处理的7例,自行处理的17例。结论宁乡县狂犬病疫情较为严重,家犬是狂犬病的主要传染源。应加强疫情监测、加强犬类的管理、规范狂犬病暴露预防处置等综合性防控措施。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and epidemic factors of rabies in Ningxiang County and to explore effective prevention and control measures. Methods The statutory epidemiological report data of Ningxiang County from 2005 to 2009 were collected for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 26 rabies cases were reported from 2005 to 2009 in Ningxiang County, with an annual incidence of 0.15 to 0.61 per 100 000. Cases distributed in the county’s 16 townships, was highly distributed. The incidence of disease was highest in January to August. The incidence was more than 50 years of age (73.08%). The incidence of males was higher than that of females (1.36: 1). The occupations were dominated by peasants (80.77%), followed by migrant workers (7.69%). The main animals were dogs (92.31%), with 87.50% domesticated animals, followed by cats (7.69%). Among the 26 cases, there were 2 cases of grade Ⅰ exposure, 19 cases of grade Ⅱ exposure and 5 cases of grade Ⅲ exposure. Animal bites after treatment to medical institutions only 2 cases. Seven cases were treated by animals without any treatment and 17 cases were treated by themselves. Conclusion The prevalence of rabies in Ningxiang County is more serious. Dogs are the main source of infection of rabies. Epidemic surveillance should be strengthened to strengthen the management of dogs, regulate the prevention and treatment of rabies exposure and other comprehensive prevention and control measures.