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第四讲食用菌栽培基质的分类及处理方式一、基质的分类 1.主料。是基质的主要成分,多是以满足食用菌碳营养为目的的原料。①木质类。这类主料的碳源中木质素所占比例较大,纤维素和半纤维素所占比例较小,如椴木、树枝、木屑等,适于各种木腐茵的栽培。②草本类。这类主料的碳源中纤维素和半纤维素较多,质地较松软,常见的有各类农作物秸秆、皮壳,如麦秸、稻草、玉米心等,适于多种食用菌的栽培。③粪草类。草食动物的粪便,常用的有牛粪和马粪,既含有大量的纤维素和半纤维素,又含有较多的蛋白质,常用来栽培双孢菇、大肥菇、姬松茸等。④纤维类。这类材料食用菌可吸收的碳源主要是纤维素类,如棉子壳、废棉等。
Lecture on the classification of edible fungi cultivation and treatment methods First, the classification of the matrix 1. Ingredients. Is the main component of the matrix, mostly to meet the edible carbon nutrients for the purpose of raw materials. ① wood category. The carbon sources of such materials have a large proportion of lignin and a small proportion of cellulose and hemicellulose, such as basswood, twigs and sawdust, which are suitable for cultivation of various wood-rot inocula. ② herbs. Such materials carbon source more cellulose and hemicellulose, the texture is more soft, there are all kinds of crop straw, hull, such as straw, straw, corn heart, suitable for a variety of mushroom cultivation. ③ dung grass class. Herbivore manure, commonly used cow dung and horse manure, both contain large amounts of cellulose and hemicellulose, but also contains more protein, commonly used to cultivate Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus, Agaricus and so on. ④ fibers. Such materials can be absorbed by edible mushrooms of carbon mainly cellulose, such as cotton seed shell, waste cotton and so on.