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到目前为止,在文化历史中,狂欢节和倒置的重要理论已被运用于早期现代欧洲,象迈克黑尔·贝克亭所著的最著名的《拉伯雷和他的世界》。它们被运用于对喜庆实践和剧院转向等级制度,以及权威和权力混乱的种种联系进行参考指导,它包括从阶级、性别和年龄,一直到审美和宇宙论。但是,当来到这个工业和后工业的世界时,一种文化理论的势力屏障依然存在,好象自从1800年以来,大众化的文化,特别是电视,没有和近代前的狂欢节性质在形态和哲学上仍保持有效的连续性。在这篇短论里,我把贝克亭的狂欢节性质的理论与电视、肥皂剧、游戏竞赛节目和杂耍联系了起来。用
So far, important theories of carnival and inversion have been used in early modern Europe in cultural history, as the most famous “Rabelais and his world” by Michael Hale Boutinger. They are used to guide reference to festivals and the theater-shift hierarchy, as well as the links between authority and power chaos, ranging from class, gender and age, to aesthetic and cosmology. However, when it comes to this industrial and post-industrial world, the barrier of a cultural theory still exists. It seems that since 1800, popular culture, especially television, has not been related to the pre-modern carnival nature in terms of form and Philosophical still maintain effective continuity. In this short story, I relate Beckett’s theory of the carnival nature to television, soap operas, game shows and juggling. use