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【目的】研究不同播期条件下,夏谷品种幼穗分化进程及各分化阶段与叶龄指数之间的关联,为谷子生产调控和生长模拟提供依据。【方法】在山东省农业科学院作物研究所济南试验基地,以抗拿捕净除草剂夏谷品种济谷16和糯性新品种济谷18为材料,于2015年4月29日至7月8日设置8个播期处理,处理间隔为10 d。60万株/hm2大田生产条件下按播期顺序种植试验小区。在5叶期,每个小区内标记生长均匀一致的谷子植株120株,之后到抽穗每隔1—2 d选取有代表性的植株3—5株,在OLYMPUS SZX16数显体视显微镜下剥去样品苞叶至露出完整幼穗,进行系统观察与拍照,并详细记载不同播期条件下2个品种在各幼穗分化阶段的叶龄以及成熟期植株的总叶片数。【结果】播期和品种对夏谷幼穗分化的方式及形态特征没有影响,依据营养生长期、生长锥伸长期、枝梗分化期、小穗刚毛分化期和雌雄蕊分化期等5个幼穗分化阶段的特点,以济谷16的系列穗发育图片为例,清晰完整的描述了夏谷幼穗发育过程。播期对谷子生育期的影响主要是由于幼穗分化时期的起始时间和持续天数的变化引起。随着播期的推迟,幼穗分化时期的起始时间提前,由出苗后32 d变为22 d左右;幼穗分化过程的持续时间缩短,由28 d变为19 d左右;谷子生育期缩短,由109 d变为83 d左右。在不同的幼穗分化时期,叶龄和叶龄指数随播期的推迟变化趋势不同,而叶龄指数与幼穗分化时期在不同播期间保持着更为稳定的对应关系。2个品种在不同播期条件下,幼穗分化阶段与叶龄指数均符合直线回归关系,R2值在0.977—0.997,表现为极显著正相关,幼穗分化期Y依叶龄指数X的直线回归方程通式为:Y=b X+a,且不同品种在不同播期条件下对应的直线回归方程之间的差异达到极显著水平,济谷16、济谷18在不同播期条件下幼穗分化时期与叶龄指数的直线回归关系不可以用共用的直线回归方程来表示。【结论】2个夏谷品种幼穗分化发育形态基本一致,但播期对2品种幼穗分化的影响有所不同。播期造成的幼穗分化时间的差异是影响谷子生育期的主要原因。根据植株外部叶龄状态判断谷子幼穗分化时期是可行的。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between young spike differentiation and differentiation stages and leaf age index under different sowing dates and to provide basis for the regulation of millet production and growth simulation. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in Jinan Experimental Station of Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences with anti-net herbicide summer grain variety Jigu 16 and waxy new variety Jigu 18 as test materials. The test was conducted from April 29 to July 8, 2015 Set 8 sowing process, the processing interval of 10 d. 60000 plants / hm2 field production conditions according to the sowing date planted plots. At the 5-leaf stage, 120 plants of the same growth were marked in each plot, and then 3-5 plants were selected every 1-2 days of heading to be stripped under the microscope of OLYMPUS SZX16 The bract leaves were exposed to complete young spikes, and were systematically observed and photographed. The leaf age and the total number of leaves of the two mature cultivars at different sowing dates were recorded. 【Result】 Sowing dates and cultivars had no effect on the patterns and morphological characteristics of summer cereal spike differentiation. Based on the five spike differentiation stages, such as vegetative growth stage, elongating growth cone, branch and stem stem division, spikelet division and pistil and stamen differentiation The characteristics of the stage, to Jigu 16 series of panicle development picture, for example, clearly describes the summer cereal panicle development. The effect of sowing date on the growth period of millet was mainly due to the change of starting time and persisting days of young spike differentiation period. With the postponement of sowing date, the initiation time of young spike differentiation period advanced from about 32 days after emergence to about 22 days; the duration of spike differentiation decreased from 28 days to about 19 days; the growth period of millet was shortened , From 109 d to 83 d or so. At different spike differentiation stages, leaf age and leaf age index tended to be different with the sowing date, while the leaf age index maintained a more stable correspondence with the spike differentiation stage in different sowing dates. Under different sowing dates, the two cultivars showed a linear regression relationship between young panicle differentiation stage and leaf age index, with R2 value of 0.977-0.997. The general formula of the regression equation is: Y = b X + a, and the difference between the linear regression equations corresponding to different sowing dates at different sowing dates reaches the extremely significant level. Jigu 16 and Jigu 18 are under different sowing dates The linear regression of ear differentiation and leaf age index can not be expressed by the common linear regression equation. 【Conclusion】 The morphology of panicle differentiation of two summer grain varieties is basically the same, but the sowing date has different effects on the differentiation of two panicle varieties. Sowing date caused by differences in spikelet differentiation is the main reason for the impact of millet growth period. It is feasible to judge the spikelet differentiation period of millet under the state of plant leaf age.