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在古建筑木结构中,木柱常常直接浮搁于础石上。在地震、风等反复荷载作用下,木柱会出现“摇摆”现象。木柱作为整体结构的主要承重部分,其在摇摆状态下受力性能对整体结构的稳定性和整体性有着重要的影响。为研究木柱在摇摆状态下的受力性能,该文首先提出摇摆运动机理,通过理论分析得到柱脚抬升判定条件;其次,参考《营造法式》制作了七等材木柱模型,通过低周反复荷载试验验证了柱脚抬升判定条件的正确性,研究了木柱的变形特征、柱头荷载位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、抗侧能力、刚度退化规律等特性。试验结果表明:在反复荷载作用下,木柱出现摇摆现象,柱脚与础石接触部位存在木材受压变形。当柱头位移达到10 mm时,柱脚出现一侧抬升一侧受压现象。加载过程中,柱脚未滑移;木柱荷载位移滞回曲线呈S形,具有一定的捏拢效应;木柱初始抗侧刚度最大,其抗侧能力随柱头位移增大而逐渐减弱;在柱头位移达到60 mm之前,刚度退化较明显,随后刚度退化现象减弱。
In ancient wooden structures, wooden columns often float directly on the foundation stone. In the earthquake, wind and other repeated loads, the column will appear “swing ” phenomenon. As the main load-bearing part of the whole structure, the wooden column has an important influence on the stability and integrity of the overall structure under the condition of rocking. In order to study the force behavior of the wood column under the condition of rocking, this paper firstly proposed the mechanism of rocking motion, and obtained the condition of the column foot lifting by theoretical analysis. Secondly, made a reference to “create a French style” The load test verifies the correctness of the determination criteria of column foot lifting. The deformation characteristics of column, the hysteresis curve of column load displacement, the skeleton curve, the lateral resistance and the stiffness degradation are studied. The test results show that the rocking phenomenon occurs in the wood column under the action of repeated load, and the wood is pressed and deformed at the contact area between the column foot and the stone surface. When the displacement of the stigma reaches 10 mm, the pressure on one side of columnar column rises. During the loading process, the column foot did not slip; the hysteresis curve of the wooden column load was S-shaped with a pinch-in effect. The initial lateral rigidity of the column was the largest, and its lateral resistance decreased gradually with the displacement of the column head. Before the stigma displacement reached 60 mm, the stiffness degenerated more obviously, and then the stiffness degradation was weakened.