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目的分析1951-2007年浙江省麻疹流行病学特征,为制定麻疹控制策略提供科学依据。方法对浙江省1951-2007年麻疹疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果自然感染阶段麻疹发病1~2年一个流行高峰,年平均发病率为1 067.53/10万,疫苗推广应用阶段年均发病率为253.11/10万,流行周期推迟为2~3年,计划免疫阶段和免疫规划阶段年均发病率进一步下降,为36.73/10万。1992-2007年麻疹每年3~5月或4~6月份为发病高峰,发病以14岁及以下儿童为主,占64.58%。近年<1岁组和≥15岁组麻疹发病呈明显上升趋势。结论实施儿童计划免疫有效的控制了麻疹的流行;但要实现消除麻疹,目前浙江省应采取措施加强麻疹疫苗的常规免疫和复种工作,确保麻疹疫苗2剂次接种率达到95%以上,同时可考虑对成人再补种一剂次麻疹疫苗,以提高整个人群的麻疹疫苗接种率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Zhejiang Province from 1951 to 2007 and provide a scientific basis for formulating measles control strategies. Methods Epidemiological analysis of measles epidemic data in Zhejiang Province from 1951 to 2007 was conducted. Results The incidence of measles in the natural infection stage was 1 to 2 years with a peak annual prevalence of 1 067.53 / 100 000. The annual average incidence of vaccine in the promotion and application phase was 253.11 / 100 000 and the epidemic period was postponed to 2 to 3 years. The average annual incidence of stage and immunization planning stage further decreased to 36.73 / 100000. The incidence of measles in the period from March to May or from April to June of 1992-2007 was the highest, with children aged 14 and under, accounting for 64.58%. In recent years, the incidence of measles in the 1-year-old group and the ≧ 15-year-old group showed a clear upward trend. Conclusion The implementation of the planned immunization for children effectively controls the epidemic of measles. However, to eradicate measles, Zhejiang Province should take measures to strengthen routine immunization and multiple cropping of measles vaccine so as to ensure that the dose of measles vaccine reaches above 95% in two doses at the same time Consider reparing a dose of measles vaccine to adults to increase measles vaccination coverage throughout the population.