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语言测试从20世纪60年代起作为一门独立的学科在西方国家悄然兴起,主要指外语测试,是随着外语教学的发展而出现的。语言测试对语言学习、语言教学的影响被称为语言测试的反拨效应。反拨效应有正反两方面,实现语言测试的正向反拨效应的途径有:降低语言测试的负反拨效应,提高其正反拨效应;负反拨效应转换为正反拨效应。
Language testing has been quietly emerging as an independent discipline in western countries since the 1960s. It mainly refers to the testing of foreign languages, which is accompanied by the development of foreign language teaching. The impact of language testing on language learning and language teaching is called the backwash effect of language testing. The reverse dial effect has both positive and negative aspects. The ways to realize the positive dial effect of the language test include: reducing the negative dial-back effect of the language test and increasing the positive-negative dial effect; and the negative dial-back effect into the positive and negative dial effect.