一、前言要解决任何土工问题,一般需进行下列四项工作 (一) 弄清地质剖面和地下水的情况; (二) 采取具有代表性的土样,并在室内和现场测定它们的性质指标; (三) 选定分析计算方法,并根据计算结果对设计作出决定; (四) 进行施工控制,并对现场观测资料进行解释。以上四项工作,一般分别由勘探、试验、设计和施工单位来承担。实践证明,在上述四项工作中,以前面两项工作最容易出差错,而且出现的差错又比较大。因此,土工试验是解决好土工问题的关键之一,并且已得到广泛重视,特别是受到土工试验单位的重视。由于他们认识到土工试验的重要性,就努力提高土工试验的质量。他们小心运输和妥善保管土样,仔细制备试样、定期率定仪器、努力学习土工试验原理、熟悉试验规程、进行平行试验甚至设 I. Preface To solve any geotechnical problems, it is generally necessary to perform the following four tasks: (1) To clarify the geological profile and groundwater conditions; (2) To adopt representative soil samples and measure their nature indicators in the indoor and on-site; (3) Select the analytical calculation method and make a decision on the design based on the calculation results; (D) Conduct construction control and explain on-site observation data. The above four tasks are generally undertaken by exploration, testing, design and construction units. Practice has proved that in the above four tasks, the first two tasks are the most likely to go wrong, and the errors that occur are relatively large. Therefore, the geotechnical test is one of the keys to solve the geotechnical problems, and it has been widely recognized, especially by the geotechnical test units. As they recognized the importance of the geotechnical test, they strived to improve the quality of the geotechnical test. They carefully transported and properly preserved soil samples, carefully prepared samples, regularly calibrated instruments, worked hard to learn the principles of geotechnical testing, were familiar with test procedures, conducted parallel tests, and even set up