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柴油机长时间怠速空转的危害较大,所以不要长时间怠速空转,一般夏季不得超过15分钟,冬季不得超过10分钟,但是,并不是不要怠速空转。起动后,停车前的怠速空转是必不可少的。其正确做法应是: 柴油机起动后(作业中间停车再起动除外),至少怠速空转3～5分钟,再逐渐进入高速空转或负荷运转。柴油机起动后,即进入高速空转或负荷运转,尤其是满负荷运转,因为机车温度低,特别是冬季,润滑油较稠,不易充满各摩擦副表面,易加速磨损。据有关资料介绍:水温在30℃以下进入负荷运转,活塞、活塞环与气缸壁的磨损速度约为水温正常时的5～7倍。柱塞弹簧、气门弹簧、喷油嘴弹簧等,由于“冷脆”现象也容易断裂。一般规定,柴油机冷却水温度不高于55℃、机油温度不高于45℃时,不得进入负荷运转。
Diesel idle idling for a long time more harmful, so do not idling for a long time idling, the general summer may not exceed 15 minutes, winter not more than 10 minutes, but not do not idle idling. After starting, idling idle before stopping is essential. The correct approach should be: After the diesel engine start (except for the middle of the operation restart), idling idle at least 3 to 5 minutes, and then gradually into high-speed idling or load operation. Diesel engine, that is, into the high-speed idling or load operation, especially at full capacity, because the locomotive temperature is low, especially in winter, the lubricant thicker, not easy to fill the surface of the friction, easy to accelerate wear. According to the relevant information: The water temperature below 30 ℃ into the load operation, piston, piston ring and cylinder wall wear rate of about 5 to 7 times normal water temperature. Plunger spring, valve spring, nozzle spring, etc., because of “cold crisp” phenomenon is also easy to break. General provisions, the temperature of diesel cooling water is not higher than 55 ℃, the oil temperature is not higher than 45 ℃, shall not enter the load operation.