Aim: Our previous data have shown that type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial (AEII) cells express neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and that pro-inflammatory factor interleukinl-β(IL-1β) induces CGRP secretion in the A549 human AEII cell line. In the present study, we investigated the effect of endogenous and exogenous CGRP on IL-1β-induced chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. Methods: We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR to detect IL-8 protein and mRNA levels, respectively. siRNA and the stably transfected cell line were used to knock down and overexpress the CGRP gene, respectively, and chemiluminescence assay was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Results: CGRP-1 receptor antagonist hCGRP8-37 (0.1-1 nmol·L-1) greatly amplified IL-1β-induced IL-8 production. The inhibition of CGRP expression by siRNA significantly increased IL-8 secretion upon IL-1β stimulation. However, cell clones stably transfected with CGRP showed significantly inhibited mRNA and protein levels of IL-8 induced by IL-1β. Conclusion: These data imply that AEII cell-derived CGRP suppress EL-1β-induced IL-8 secretion in an autocrine/paracrine mode. Further investigation showed that CGRP attenuated IL-1β-aroused ROS formation, which is an early indication of pro-inflammatory factor signaling.