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为定量分析木林子自然保护区不同群落类型主要优势种群的生态位,以每个样地为综合资源位,采用Simpson指数的倒数和Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度公式及Pianka生态位重叠公式分别对自然恢复20 a、35 a和100 a左右次生林群落主要优势种的生态位宽度及重叠进行测度,比较分析主要优势种在不同群落类型中的生态位变化及原因,同时对种群的环境适应能力及其随自然恢复阶段的变化等方面进行探讨。结果表明:1)青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)属于木林子自然保护区亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的建群种,生态位宽度最大(群落ⅠB’_((SW)i)为0.750、B’_((L)i)为0.863,群落ⅡB’_((SW)i)为0.630、B’_((L)i)为0.685,群落ⅢB’_((SW)i)为0.625、B’_((L)i)为0.658),与其他种群的生态位重叠程度高,自然恢复年限越长,其优势地位越明显。2)人为干扰和光照是影响该区域不同群落类型主要优势种生态位变化的主要因子。3)不同群落类型主要优势种的平均生态位宽度值B’_((SW)i)为0.603、B’_((L)i)为0.570,平均生态位重叠值为0.564,表明各种群生态幅广,资源利用谱较宽,群落结构复杂;各种群对环境资源的利用性竞争不激烈。4)珙桐(Davidia involucrata)种群的重要值和生态位宽度值最小(IV为0.181,B’_((SW)i)为0.292,B’_((L)i)为0.109),与其他种群的生态位重叠值小或没有重叠,表明它对群落环境的适应能力及对资源的利用能力弱且与其他种群的生态位产生了一定程度分化。各优势种的生态位随群落物种组成变化而变化,揭示了优势种的生态位随自然恢复阶段的变化规律。
In order to quantitatively analyze the niche of dominant species of different community types in Kulinlin Nature Reserve, using the Simpson index reciprocal and Shannon-Wiener niche breadth formula and Pianka niche overlapping formula, The niche breadths and overlaps of dominant dominant species in secondary forest communities around 20 a, 35 a, and 100 a were measured. The changes of niche and their causes of dominant dominant species in different community types were compared and analyzed. At the same time, With the natural recovery stage changes and other aspects to be explored. The results showed as follows: 1) Cyclobalanopsis glauca belongs to the sub-tropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in the Kumilin Nature Reserve, with the highest niche breadth (the community I B ’_ (SW) i) is 0.750, ((L) i) is 0.863, the average size of the community is 0.630 for B ’(SW) i, 0.685 for B’ (L) i and 0.625 for B ’ ((L) i) is 0.658). The niche overlaps with other populations, and the longer the natural recovery period, the more dominant position is. 2) Human disturbance and light are the main factors affecting the change of niche in dominant species of different community types in this area. 3) The average niche breadth values of dominant species of different community types were 0.603 for B’_ (SW) i, 0.570 for B’_ ((L) i) and 0.564 for mean dominant niche, indicating that each population Wide ecological range, wide spectrum of resource utilization and complex community structure. The competition of utilization of environmental resources by various groups is not intense. 4) The values of Davidia involucrata population and niche breadth were the lowest (0.181 for IV, 0.292 for B ’_ ((SW) i) and 0.109 for B’_ ((L) i) The niche overlap of the population is small or non-overlapping, indicating that it has a weak ability to adapt to the community environment and its utilization of resources and to a certain degree of differentiation with other populations. The niche of each dominant species changed with the species composition of the community, revealing the changing rule of dominant niche with the natural recovery stage.