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利用GIS软件和地统计学方法分析哈尔滨市土壤重金属镉、铅、铜、锌(Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn)元素在市区内的含量分布、空间异质性以及元素之间的相互关系。样品为2008年10月在哈尔滨市区内采集的53个土样,采样面积为7 086 km2。分析结果表明,土壤重金属元素Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn块金值与基台值之比C0/(C0+C)都在25%～75%之间,属于中等的空间相关性;Cu和Zn、Cd都存在极显著正相关,Zn不仅与Cu、Cd存在着极显著正相关还与Pb存在着极显著正相关。Cd元素分布表现出明显的阶梯状,由道外区向道里区逐渐降低,道外区域整体偏高含量在0.22～0.26 mg.kg-1之间,属于轻污染级(0.2～0.4 mg.kg-1);Pb元素平均含量为41.1 mg.kg-1,在轻污染级别以内(35～70 mg.kg-1),其中较高区域是南岗区和平房区;Cu元素的分布特征是东北部的道外区高于整个市区的平均值(34.54 mg.kg-1),而南部的南岗区、道里区、平房区、阿城地区低于平均值(34.54 mg.kg-1);Zn元素平均含量为108.6 mg.kg-1,略高于Zn的警戒含量100 mg.kg-1,其中道外区属于中污染级(200～300 mg.kg-1),含量在239.5～287.4 mg.kg-1。
Using GIS software and geostatistics methods to analyze the content distribution, spatial heterogeneity and the interrelation of elements in heavy metal Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn in urban area of Harbin. The sample is 53 soil samples collected in the urban area of Harbin in October 2008 with a sampling area of 7 086 km2. The results showed that the ratio of C0 / (C0 + C) of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn nuclides to subsoil values was between 25% and 75%, which belonged to a moderate spatial correlation. Cu and Zn , And Cd. There was a significant positive correlation between Zn and Cu, Cd and Pb. The distribution of Cd showed obvious step-like shape, and gradually decreased from the outer area to the inner area of the gully area. The overall high content of the outer area was between 0.22 and 0.26 mg.kg-1, belonging to the light-pollution grade (0.2-0.4 mg.kg-1 ); The average content of Pb element was 41.1 mg.kg-1, within the light pollution level (35-70 mg.kg-1), the higher one was in Nangang District and the cottage area; the distribution characteristic of Cu element was northeast (34.54 mg.kg-1) higher than that of the whole urban area, and lower than the average (34.54 mg.kg-1) in the southern areas of Nangang, Daoli, Pingfang, and Acheng. The average Zn (108 mg · kg-1), slightly higher than that of Zn (100 mg.kg-1), of which the pollution-free zone belongs to the intermediate pollution level (200-300 mg.kg-1) and the content is 239.5-287.4 mg.kg- 1.