学生已有的经验、思维方式和习惯常使后续的思维活动趋于一定的方向,就像沉入海底的锚一样,把思维固定在了某一处。心理学把这种现象称为沉锚效应。沉锚效应对当前学习既有积极的作用,也有消极的影响。笔者在分数教学中,就感受到了较为明显的沉锚负效应。分数的定义一般有四种:份数定义、商定义、比定义、公理化定义。小学分数教学,涉及到了前三种定义,但教材最强调用份数定义的分数概念,且教材中分数的相关概念,都是片面地从分物引入,可以发现学习材料非常单一,过于强调仅能作为起点的份数定 Students already experience, way of thinking and habits tend to follow the direction of thinking tends to a certain direction, just like the sinking anchor, the thinking fixed in a place. Psychology calls this phenomenon a sink anchor effect. The anchoring effect has both positive and negative effects on current learning. In the teaching of scores, I felt the obvious negative effect of Shen An. There are four general definitions of scores: the definition of number, definition of business, than the definition of axiomatic definition. The teaching of primary school scores involves the first three definitions. However, the textbook most emphasizes the concept of the fraction defined by the number of copies, and the related concepts of the scores in the textbooks are all introduced from the category one-sidedly. It can be found that the learning materials are very simple and too emphasize only The starting point can be set as the number of copies