论文部分内容阅读
任何一种时态都有潜在的标志，巧用这些标志可以妙解时态试题。
一､巧用特定时间点，妙解进行时试题
进行时往往表示某一特定动作在特定时间点正在进行。过去进行时表示某一动作在过去某一特定时间点正在进行，这一过去特定时间点就是过去进行时存在的标志。过去特定时间点可由just now，at eight o’clock yesterday evening，just at that time，at the time，at this time yesterday等直接时间状语和when，while，as引导的时间状语从句体现，也可由上下文语境体现。
——Did you see a man in black pass by just now?
——No，sir. I ____ a newspaper.(NMET2007四川)
A. readB. was readingC. would readD. am reading
析：B。just now暗示空档表达“刚才正在读”的动作概念，为过去进行时标志，因此该空应填was reading。
——It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
——Oh，don’t mention it. I ____ past your house anyway.
(NMET2007北京)
A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have come
析：A。分析语境逻辑可知，空档表达“刚才正路过”的动作概念，为过去进行时的标志，因此该空应填was coming。
——Is there anything wrong，Bob? You look sad.
——Oh，nothing much. In fact，I ____ of my friends back home. (NMET2007全国卷Ⅱ)
A. have just thoughtB. was just thinking
C. would just thinkD. will just be thinking
析：B。分析语境逻辑可以推出空档表达“刚才正在想念”的动作概念，因此应用过去进行时。
现在进行时表示某一动作现在正在进行，因此现在这一特定时间点就是现在进行时存在的标志。现在这一特定时间点常由now，at present等时间状语或上下文语境体现。
——What’s that terrible noise?
——The neighbors ____ for a party. (NMET2004北京)
A. have preparedB. are preparing
C. prepareD. will prepare
析：B。What’s that terrible noise?暗示邻居此刻正在为晚会做准备，它实际上是该句运用现在进行时的标志，因此该空应填are preparing。
将来进行时表示某一动作在将来某一特定时间点正在进行，因此将来某一特定时间点就是将来进行时存在的标志。 将来某一特定时间点可由at six o’clock tomorrow morning，at this time tomorrow等时间状语或上下文语境体现。
At this time tomorrow ____ over the Atlantic.(NMET2003北京)
A. we’re going to flyB. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll flyD. we’re to fly
析：B。at this time tomorrow属未来特定时间点，为将来进行时标志，因此该空应填we’ll be flying。
二､巧用标准对照时间点，妙解完成时试题
众所周知，现在完成时表示某一动作相对于现在来说已经完成，或发生在过去某一时刻的动作一直延续到现在，因此现在是现在完成时标准对照时间点，寻找这一标准对照时间点可以妙解现在完成时试题。
Danny ____ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.(NMET2007福建)
A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD. worked
析：C。and now he is popular表明Danny自过去某一时刻开始努力工作的动作到现在为止已有很长时间，因此该空应用现在完成时。
——____ you ____ him around the museum yet?
——Yes. We had a great time there. (NMET2007江苏)
A. Have； shownB. Do； showC. Had； shownD. Did； show
析：A。yet暗示问句表示“到现在为止你领他参观了博物馆吗?”，因此空档应用现在完成时。
过去完成时表明某一动作相对于过去某一特定时刻来说已经完成，或发生在过去某一时刻的动作一直延续到过去另一时刻，其标准对照时间点为过去某一特定时刻，寻找这一标准对照时间点可以妙解过去完成时试题。
I ____ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.(NMET2007陕西)
A. would beB. have beenC. had beenD. will be
析：C。分析语境逻辑可知，题干表示“开始和这个科学家工作时我已经在那儿呆了一个星期多一点”，因此空档应用过去完成时。
——Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
——Yes，he did. He ____ his old friends for a long time.
(NMET2007重庆)
A. didn’t seeB. wouldn’t seeC. hasn’t seenD. hadn’t seen
析：D。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表示“昨天以前没有看到”，因此应用过去完成时。
They became friends again that day. Until then，they ____ to each other for nearly two years. (NMET2007安徽)
A. didn’t speakB. hadn’t spoken
C. haven’t spokenD. haven’t been speaking
析：B。由语境逻辑可以推出空档表示“在became friends所表示的时间之前几乎两年没有讲话”，因此应用过去完成时。
现在/过去完成进行时往往表示发生在过去某一特定时刻的动作一直延续到现在/过去另一特定时刻，并且在这段时间之内动作一直没有停止过，因此现在/过去某一特定时刻也是现在/过去完成进行时的标准对照时间点。
——I have got a headache.(NMET2007江西)
——No wonder. You ____ in front of that computer too long.
A. workB. are working
C. have been workingD. worked
析：C。分析语境逻辑可知，空档表示在到现在为止too long所体现的时间范围之内主人公工作的动作一直没有停止过，因此应用现在完成进行时。
The crazy fans ____ patiently for two hours，and they would wait till the movie star arrived. (NMET2004重庆)
A. were waitingB. had been waiting
C. had waitedD. would wait
析：B。由语境逻辑可以推出到would wait所体现的动作为止疯狂的影迷两小时以来一直在耐心等待电影明星的到来，因此空档应用过去完成进行时。
Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School，where she ____ English for a year. (NMET2007湖南)
A. studiesB. studied
C. is studyingD. has been studying
析：D。从一年前到现在，Cathy学英语的动作一直在进行着，因此空档应用现在完成进行时。
三､巧用未来时间标志，妙解将来时试题
一般/过去将来时往往表示某一动作在现在/过去某一时刻的将来发生，因此分析语境逻辑寻找以现在/过去某一时刻为标准的未来时间标志，可以妙解一般/过去将来时试题。以现在为标准的未来时间标志可由tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in a month，next year等时间状语体现，也可由上下文语境体现；以过去某一时刻为标准的未来时间标志可由the next month，after a week等时间状语或上下文语境体现。
——How can I apply for an online course?(NMET2007北京)
——Just fill out this form and we ____ what we can do for you.
A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see
析：D。由语境逻辑可以推出空档表示“相对于现在来说将要看”，因此应用一般将来时。
——Tom，you didn’t come to the party last night?
——I ____，but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
(NMET2007全国卷Ⅱ)
A. had toB. didn’tC. was going toD. wouldn’t
析：C。由but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do的语境逻辑可以推出空档表示“(相对于过去某一时刻来说)正准备来”，因此应用过去将来时。条件､时间状语从句应用一般现在/过去时代替一般/过去将来时；come，go，leave，arrive，start，fly，drive，open，close等动词常用一般现在时/过去时或现在/过去进行时代替一般/过去将来时。
The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (NMET2004上海)
A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded
析：D。 will be reduced表明空档为一般将来时，但因所在句为条件状语从句，因此应由一般现在时代替。
Because the shop ____，all the T-shirts are sold at half price. (NMET2004浙江)
A. has closed downB. closed down
C. is closing downD. had closed down
析：C。 由all the T-shirts are sold at half price可以推出空档表示“(相对于现在来说)即将关闭”，因此可以用现在进行时代替一般将来时。
四､巧用经常性动作标志，妙解一般时试题
一般时往往表示经常性､习惯性动作，寻找现在/过去经常性动作标志可以妙解一般现在/过去时。现在/过去经常性动作标志常由always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never等表示时间的频度副词体现，也可以由上下文语境体现；过去经常性动作标志也可由last month，in 2000等过去性时间状语体现。一般过去时也可以表示过去的一次性动作或状态。
We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks ____ so small that a day is unimportant. (NMET2007湖南)
A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been
析：A。空档后面的is暗示空档应用一般现在时。
——Has your father returned from Africa yet?
——Yes，but he ____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. (NMET2007辽宁)
A. wasB. has beenC. will beD. would be
析：A。由before his company sent him to Australia的语境逻辑可以推出空档表示“过去待在”，因此应用一般过去时。
I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ____ there several years ago. (NMET2007全国卷I)
A. are goingB. had beenC. wentD. have been
析：C。several years ago为纯粹过去时间状语，因此空档应用一般过去时，表示过去一次性动作。
巩固性练习：
1. ——You should have come to my birthday party last night，but you
didn’t.
——Oh，sorry. I ____ an important conference.
A. was attendingB. am attending
C. attendedD. have attended
2. ——Tom，where does the great noise come from?
——Don’t you know two classes ____ an important football match on the playground?
A. are playingB. were playingC. playedD. had played
3. If you don’t go there to visit the local village，I ____，either.
A. don’tB. didn’tC. won’tD. haven’t
4. I don’t know when they ____，but when they ____，I’ll tell them the news.
A. will come，comeB. come，will come
C. will come，will comeD. come，come
5. ——What’s wrong with you? You look worn out.
——I ____ all the afternoon.
A. am workingB. have been working
C. had been workingD. had worked
6. Why do you know her so well? It seems that you ____ her quite a
few times.
A. metB. have metC. had metD. meet
7. To be honest，I ____ of Mary before she was introduced to me.
A. don’t hearB. didn’t hearC. haven’t heardD. hadn’t heard
8. ——Can I come to see you at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon?
——You’d better not，because I ____ my homework.
A. will doB. doC. have doneD. will be doing
9. Her sister wrote to tell me that she ____ from college the next month.
A. will graduateB. would graduateC. is graduatingD. had graduated
10. How long will it be before your father and mother ____ back from abroad?
A. will come B. are comingC. comeD. had come
11. The girl told me she wanted to relax herself because she ____ her exercises all the morning.
A. has doneB. has been doing
C. had been doingD. was doing
12. ——I met your younger sister in the park yesterday.
——Oh，it’s strange. She ____ there much.
A. doesn’t goB. didn’t goC. hasn’t goneD. hadn’t gone
13. ——Mary，have you seen this wonderful movie?
——Yes，of course. I ____ it on the evening of last Wednesday.
A. have seenB. had seenC. sawD. was seeing
14. ——Tom，can you tell me something about this magazine?
——Why ____ it yet? I read it the day before yesterday.
A. don’t you readB. didn’t you read
C. haven’t you readD. hadn’t you read
15. The bus ____ very soon，so please get ready to get on it.
A. is arrivingB. was arrivingC. has arrivedD. had arrived
16. ——I finished my homework forty-five minutes ago.
——Did you? I ____ my homework yet.
A. didn’t finishB. hadn’t finishedC. don’t finishD. haven’t finished17. As we all know，agriculture and industry ____ very fast all over our country.
A. are developingB. were developing
C. had developed D. had been developing
18. His mother ____ in America for a few days，before long，she flew to
England for business.
A. had stayedB. stayC. have stayedD. stayed
19. Hurry up，shall we? I’m sure our parents ____ for us anxiously.
A. are waitingB. waitC. waitedD. have waited
20. ——I phoned you at ten o’clock last night，but you didn’t answer me.——Oh，I’m sorry； I ____.
A. am sleepingB. was sleeping
C. have sleptD. have been sleeping
Key(4)
一､巧用特定时间点，妙解进行时试题
进行时往往表示某一特定动作在特定时间点正在进行。过去进行时表示某一动作在过去某一特定时间点正在进行，这一过去特定时间点就是过去进行时存在的标志。过去特定时间点可由just now，at eight o’clock yesterday evening，just at that time，at the time，at this time yesterday等直接时间状语和when，while，as引导的时间状语从句体现，也可由上下文语境体现。
——Did you see a man in black pass by just now?
——No，sir. I ____ a newspaper.(NMET2007四川)
A. readB. was readingC. would readD. am reading
析：B。just now暗示空档表达“刚才正在读”的动作概念，为过去进行时标志，因此该空应填was reading。
——It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
——Oh，don’t mention it. I ____ past your house anyway.
(NMET2007北京)
A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have come
析：A。分析语境逻辑可知，空档表达“刚才正路过”的动作概念，为过去进行时的标志，因此该空应填was coming。
——Is there anything wrong，Bob? You look sad.
——Oh，nothing much. In fact，I ____ of my friends back home. (NMET2007全国卷Ⅱ)
A. have just thoughtB. was just thinking
C. would just thinkD. will just be thinking
析：B。分析语境逻辑可以推出空档表达“刚才正在想念”的动作概念，因此应用过去进行时。
现在进行时表示某一动作现在正在进行，因此现在这一特定时间点就是现在进行时存在的标志。现在这一特定时间点常由now，at present等时间状语或上下文语境体现。
——What’s that terrible noise?
——The neighbors ____ for a party. (NMET2004北京)
A. have preparedB. are preparing
C. prepareD. will prepare
析：B。What’s that terrible noise?暗示邻居此刻正在为晚会做准备，它实际上是该句运用现在进行时的标志，因此该空应填are preparing。
将来进行时表示某一动作在将来某一特定时间点正在进行，因此将来某一特定时间点就是将来进行时存在的标志。 将来某一特定时间点可由at six o’clock tomorrow morning，at this time tomorrow等时间状语或上下文语境体现。
At this time tomorrow ____ over the Atlantic.(NMET2003北京)
A. we’re going to flyB. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll flyD. we’re to fly
析：B。at this time tomorrow属未来特定时间点，为将来进行时标志，因此该空应填we’ll be flying。
二､巧用标准对照时间点，妙解完成时试题
众所周知，现在完成时表示某一动作相对于现在来说已经完成，或发生在过去某一时刻的动作一直延续到现在，因此现在是现在完成时标准对照时间点，寻找这一标准对照时间点可以妙解现在完成时试题。
Danny ____ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.(NMET2007福建)
A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD. worked
析：C。and now he is popular表明Danny自过去某一时刻开始努力工作的动作到现在为止已有很长时间，因此该空应用现在完成时。
——____ you ____ him around the museum yet?
——Yes. We had a great time there. (NMET2007江苏)
A. Have； shownB. Do； showC. Had； shownD. Did； show
析：A。yet暗示问句表示“到现在为止你领他参观了博物馆吗?”，因此空档应用现在完成时。
过去完成时表明某一动作相对于过去某一特定时刻来说已经完成，或发生在过去某一时刻的动作一直延续到过去另一时刻，其标准对照时间点为过去某一特定时刻，寻找这一标准对照时间点可以妙解过去完成时试题。
I ____ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.(NMET2007陕西)
A. would beB. have beenC. had beenD. will be
析：C。分析语境逻辑可知，题干表示“开始和这个科学家工作时我已经在那儿呆了一个星期多一点”，因此空档应用过去完成时。
——Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
——Yes，he did. He ____ his old friends for a long time.
(NMET2007重庆)
A. didn’t seeB. wouldn’t seeC. hasn’t seenD. hadn’t seen
析：D。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表示“昨天以前没有看到”，因此应用过去完成时。
They became friends again that day. Until then，they ____ to each other for nearly two years. (NMET2007安徽)
A. didn’t speakB. hadn’t spoken
C. haven’t spokenD. haven’t been speaking
析：B。由语境逻辑可以推出空档表示“在became friends所表示的时间之前几乎两年没有讲话”，因此应用过去完成时。
现在/过去完成进行时往往表示发生在过去某一特定时刻的动作一直延续到现在/过去另一特定时刻，并且在这段时间之内动作一直没有停止过，因此现在/过去某一特定时刻也是现在/过去完成进行时的标准对照时间点。
——I have got a headache.(NMET2007江西)
——No wonder. You ____ in front of that computer too long.
A. workB. are working
C. have been workingD. worked
析：C。分析语境逻辑可知，空档表示在到现在为止too long所体现的时间范围之内主人公工作的动作一直没有停止过，因此应用现在完成进行时。
The crazy fans ____ patiently for two hours，and they would wait till the movie star arrived. (NMET2004重庆)
A. were waitingB. had been waiting
C. had waitedD. would wait
析：B。由语境逻辑可以推出到would wait所体现的动作为止疯狂的影迷两小时以来一直在耐心等待电影明星的到来，因此空档应用过去完成进行时。
Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School，where she ____ English for a year. (NMET2007湖南)
A. studiesB. studied
C. is studyingD. has been studying
析：D。从一年前到现在，Cathy学英语的动作一直在进行着，因此空档应用现在完成进行时。
三､巧用未来时间标志，妙解将来时试题
一般/过去将来时往往表示某一动作在现在/过去某一时刻的将来发生，因此分析语境逻辑寻找以现在/过去某一时刻为标准的未来时间标志，可以妙解一般/过去将来时试题。以现在为标准的未来时间标志可由tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in a month，next year等时间状语体现，也可由上下文语境体现；以过去某一时刻为标准的未来时间标志可由the next month，after a week等时间状语或上下文语境体现。
——How can I apply for an online course?(NMET2007北京)
——Just fill out this form and we ____ what we can do for you.
A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see
析：D。由语境逻辑可以推出空档表示“相对于现在来说将要看”，因此应用一般将来时。
——Tom，you didn’t come to the party last night?
——I ____，but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
(NMET2007全国卷Ⅱ)
A. had toB. didn’tC. was going toD. wouldn’t
析：C。由but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do的语境逻辑可以推出空档表示“(相对于过去某一时刻来说)正准备来”，因此应用过去将来时。条件､时间状语从句应用一般现在/过去时代替一般/过去将来时；come，go，leave，arrive，start，fly，drive，open，close等动词常用一般现在时/过去时或现在/过去进行时代替一般/过去将来时。
The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (NMET2004上海)
A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded
析：D。 will be reduced表明空档为一般将来时，但因所在句为条件状语从句，因此应由一般现在时代替。
Because the shop ____，all the T-shirts are sold at half price. (NMET2004浙江)
A. has closed downB. closed down
C. is closing downD. had closed down
析：C。 由all the T-shirts are sold at half price可以推出空档表示“(相对于现在来说)即将关闭”，因此可以用现在进行时代替一般将来时。
四､巧用经常性动作标志，妙解一般时试题
一般时往往表示经常性､习惯性动作，寻找现在/过去经常性动作标志可以妙解一般现在/过去时。现在/过去经常性动作标志常由always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never等表示时间的频度副词体现，也可以由上下文语境体现；过去经常性动作标志也可由last month，in 2000等过去性时间状语体现。一般过去时也可以表示过去的一次性动作或状态。
We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks ____ so small that a day is unimportant. (NMET2007湖南)
A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been
析：A。空档后面的is暗示空档应用一般现在时。
——Has your father returned from Africa yet?
——Yes，but he ____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. (NMET2007辽宁)
A. wasB. has beenC. will beD. would be
析：A。由before his company sent him to Australia的语境逻辑可以推出空档表示“过去待在”，因此应用一般过去时。
I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ____ there several years ago. (NMET2007全国卷I)
A. are goingB. had beenC. wentD. have been
析：C。several years ago为纯粹过去时间状语，因此空档应用一般过去时，表示过去一次性动作。
巩固性练习：
1. ——You should have come to my birthday party last night，but you
didn’t.
——Oh，sorry. I ____ an important conference.
A. was attendingB. am attending
C. attendedD. have attended
2. ——Tom，where does the great noise come from?
——Don’t you know two classes ____ an important football match on the playground?
A. are playingB. were playingC. playedD. had played
3. If you don’t go there to visit the local village，I ____，either.
A. don’tB. didn’tC. won’tD. haven’t
4. I don’t know when they ____，but when they ____，I’ll tell them the news.
A. will come，comeB. come，will come
C. will come，will comeD. come，come
5. ——What’s wrong with you? You look worn out.
——I ____ all the afternoon.
A. am workingB. have been working
C. had been workingD. had worked
6. Why do you know her so well? It seems that you ____ her quite a
few times.
A. metB. have metC. had metD. meet
7. To be honest，I ____ of Mary before she was introduced to me.
A. don’t hearB. didn’t hearC. haven’t heardD. hadn’t heard
8. ——Can I come to see you at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon?
——You’d better not，because I ____ my homework.
A. will doB. doC. have doneD. will be doing
9. Her sister wrote to tell me that she ____ from college the next month.
A. will graduateB. would graduateC. is graduatingD. had graduated
10. How long will it be before your father and mother ____ back from abroad?
A. will come B. are comingC. comeD. had come
11. The girl told me she wanted to relax herself because she ____ her exercises all the morning.
A. has doneB. has been doing
C. had been doingD. was doing
12. ——I met your younger sister in the park yesterday.
——Oh，it’s strange. She ____ there much.
A. doesn’t goB. didn’t goC. hasn’t goneD. hadn’t gone
13. ——Mary，have you seen this wonderful movie?
——Yes，of course. I ____ it on the evening of last Wednesday.
A. have seenB. had seenC. sawD. was seeing
14. ——Tom，can you tell me something about this magazine?
——Why ____ it yet? I read it the day before yesterday.
A. don’t you readB. didn’t you read
C. haven’t you readD. hadn’t you read
15. The bus ____ very soon，so please get ready to get on it.
A. is arrivingB. was arrivingC. has arrivedD. had arrived
16. ——I finished my homework forty-five minutes ago.
——Did you? I ____ my homework yet.
A. didn’t finishB. hadn’t finishedC. don’t finishD. haven’t finished17. As we all know，agriculture and industry ____ very fast all over our country.
A. are developingB. were developing
C. had developed D. had been developing
18. His mother ____ in America for a few days，before long，she flew to
England for business.
A. had stayedB. stayC. have stayedD. stayed
19. Hurry up，shall we? I’m sure our parents ____ for us anxiously.
A. are waitingB. waitC. waitedD. have waited
20. ——I phoned you at ten o’clock last night，but you didn’t answer me.——Oh，I’m sorry； I ____.
A. am sleepingB. was sleeping
C. have sleptD. have been sleeping
Key(4)