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虽然学界对1700至1842年间广州和澳门的洋行商人已经展开好几项详尽的研究,但要从外国的档案中辨认出这些商人仍然是极具挑战性的任务。欧洲的东印度公司保存着完好的记录,但由于各公司对名字的拼法各不相同,因此很难识别这些记载中所提及的中国人。本文辨认了哥本哈根的丹麦亚洲公司记录中提及的洋行商人。这些记录显示了丹麦人通常每年只依赖几个洋行商家来进行大多数贸易,而这种合作关系通常能维持数十年。由于准时派船发货能避免昂贵的滞留费用,丹麦人也是为了自己的利益与他们所信任的中国商人维持密切的关系;而中国商人为了获取丹麦亚洲公司的大宗贸易而报出具有竞争力的价格。如果能为丹麦顾客提供良好的服务,从长远看,他们就能获得白银以改善自己的生活。这种互利的合作关系有助于解释为什么每年的丹麦贸易总是只由几家中国商行负责处理。
Although the academic circles have conducted several detailed studies on foreign traders in Guangzhou and Macao between 1700 and 1842, identifying these traders from foreign archives remains a challenging task. East Indian companies in Europe keep sound records, but because companies vary in spelling of names, it is hard to identify the Chinese mentioned in these records. This article identifies foreign businessman as mentioned in the Danish Asian Company Record in Copenhagen. These records show that the Danish usually rely on only a few foreign firms every year to conduct most of the trade, and this cooperation usually lasts for decades. Danes also maintained close ties with Chinese businessmen they trusted for their own benefit, as shipments on time were avoided in costly dwellings, while Chinese traders reported a competitive edge in obtaining bulk trade with Danish Asian companies price. If you can provide good service to Danish customers, in the long run, they can get the silver to improve their lives. This mutually beneficial partnership helps explain why the annual Danish trade is always handled by only a few Chinese firms.