保乳治疗是早期乳腺癌的治疗方法之一 ,与全乳切除的根治性手术比较 ,局部复发率与生存率无明显差异。保乳外科是该方法的主要组成部分。本文通过复习近年的文献 ,提出病人的选择、保乳术式的合理应用、外科切缘的确立及腋淋巴结清扫范围是保乳手术的关键 ;前哨淋巴结活检的方法一旦肯定 ,将使保乳治疗的美学意义更臻完善 Breast-conserving treatment is one of the treatments for early breast cancer. Compared with radical mastectomy, there is no significant difference between local recurrence rate and survival rate. Conservative surgery is the main component of this method. This article reviews the literature in recent years and proposes that the patient’s choice, the rational use of breast-conserving surgery, the establishment of surgical margins, and the extent of axillary lymph node dissection are the keys to breast-conserving surgery; once the method for sentinel lymph node biopsy is confirmed, it will allow breast-conserving treatment. Aesthetics are more perfect