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[目的 ]探讨不同接尘女工肺通气功能与慢性阻塞性肺部疾病 (COPD)的早期关系。[方法 ]追踪调查 90例女工 (铸造、棉纺织及环卫工人 ) ,测定其 10年前后肺功能并询问相关症状。用自身对照及卡方检验 ,分析用 COPD诊断标准检出的异常率的相互关系。 [结果 ]各组、各检测指标 10年后均有不同程度的改变 ,异常检出率比 10年前均有明显上升 ,呼吸道异常与肺通气功能下降率有显著的相关。且有机尘女工呼吸道症状多 ,大气道受损明显 ,而无机尘女工 ,较多见的是小气道受损。[结论 ]长期接尘女工当 FEV1%在 71%～ 75 %时 ,是职业性 COPD的先兆 ,不可忽视这时期的职业防护及动态观察。
[Objective] To investigate the early relationship between pulmonary ventilation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in female workers exposed to dust. [Method] Totally 90 female workers (foundry, cotton textile and sanitation workers) were traced. The lung function was measured after 10 years and asked about the related symptoms. Using self-control and chi-square test, the correlation between abnormal rates detected by COPD diagnostic criteria was analyzed. [Results] In each group, the detection indexes all changed in varying degrees after 10 years. The detection rate of anomaly increased significantly compared with that of 10 years ago. The respiratory rate was significantly correlated with the decreasing rate of pulmonary ventilation. And organic dust female respiratory symptoms, airway damage significantly, and inorganic dust women, more common is the small airway damage. [Conclusion] When FEV1% was in the range of 71% ~ 75%, long-term female workers exposed to dust were the precursors of occupational COPD. Occupational protection and dynamic observation during this period should not be neglected.