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1894年,匈牙利最早举办了中学生数学竞赛,从此,拉开了国际数学奥林匹克竞赛的序幕。 20世纪50年代,数学竞赛大大兴起。据统计,当时举办全国性数学竞赛的国家有中国、美国、德国、加拿大、澳大利亚等20几个国家。由于数学竞赛与体育比赛在精神上有相通之处,所以大多数国家的数学竞赛都叫数学奥林匹克;并且也像奥运会一样,从1959年起开始有了“国际数学奥林匹克”(简称IMO)。国际数学奥林匹克起先只是东欧几个国家轮流做东举办,并没有多少国际性,直到20世纪60年代末才渐渐地扩大到西方自家。现在先后参加过的国家一共有33个。现在的国际数学奥林匹克竞赛仍然是轮流做东,没有固定的组织与章程,只是每年都由参加国各选举一人,组成临时委员会,东道国代表任主席。试题在各国提出的题目中挑选,每次6题,分两个上午完成,每次4个小时,总分40分。起初几届的试题难度不大,但70年代以后明显地难了。由于中学数学竞赛的组织成功,这股风后来刮到了小学和大学里,数学奥林匹克竞赛成为选拔优秀数学人才、提高教学水平的有效途径。 (摘自《小学生学习指导》2001年第1—2期)
In 1894 Hungary held the first mathematics contest for middle school students. Since then, it has kicked off the International Mathematical Olympiad. In the 1950s, mathematics competitions rose dramatically. According to statistics, there were 20 countries including China, the United States, Germany, Canada and Australia that held the national mathematics competition at the time. As the mathematics contest and the sports match mentally have the same place, most of the national mathematics contests are called Mathematical Olympiad. And like the Olympic Games, the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) has been started since 1959. The International Mathematical Olympiad was originally held in the East only by a few countries in Eastern Europe. It did not have much international character. It gradually expanded to the West only in the late 1960s. Now has participated in a total of 33 countries. The current International Mathematical Olympiad still turns East by turns. There is no fixed organization or charter. Only one member from each participating country is elected every year to form a provisional committee and the host delegation will serve as chairman. The questions are selected in the topics proposed by each country, 6 questions each time, completed in two mornings, each time for 4 hours, with a total score of 40 points. The first few sessions of the test is not difficult, but obviously difficult after the 70s. Due to the successful organization of the secondary school mathematics competition, the stock market winds up to elementary schools and universities. The Mathematical Olympiad has become an effective way to select outstanding math talented people and improve their teaching level. (From “primary school learning guidance” in 2001 1-2)