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目的了解某化学品制造企业的职业工效学现况,并对其进行评价,以确定下一步的改进措施。方法采用现场卫生学调查方法及经验法对作业人员主要作业点进行调查分析。结果该企业为四班两运转,劳动定员74人。周工作时间≤40 h。控制室及化验室监控作业系统为视觉显示器,与环境背景对比度高,数据易于判读;空调系统温度为26℃,DCS(集散控制系统)操作台高度为85 cm,靠背椅高度为90 cm,椅面高度为40 cm;作业人员作业动力单元主要靠手肘部及眼部操作,形成动力链,为无负重坐姿重心。噪声现场检测强度均小于70 d B(A)。下行人工投料口的高度为85 cm;作业动力单元主要靠下肢、腰部、手肘部及眼部操作,为较轻负重站姿重心。现场巡检作业动力单元主要靠下肢、腰部、手肘部及眼部操作,为人体较轻负重站姿重心,重心靠近人体,用力对称;现场空气温度受天气变化与生产设备的的影响,在夏季有高温危害,但作业人员主要为短时间接触,危害较小;噪声现场检测强度为LEX,8h=86.3 d B(A)。职业病危害因素检测结果显示,除噪声强度检测点合格率为71.43%外,其他危害因素检测点合格率为100%。结论该企业在合理用力、人机系统、作业环境和劳动组织等方面基本可行,但存在职业工效学影响因素,需要进一步改进职业工效学措施。
Objective To understand the status of occupational ergonomics in a chemical manufacturing enterprise and evaluate it to determine the next improvement measures. Methods The methods of field health survey and experience were used to investigate and analyze the main working points of workers. The results of the operation of the four shifts, labor capacity of 74 people. Week working time ≤ 40 h. Control room and laboratory monitoring operating system for the visual display, high contrast with the background of the environment, the data is easy to read; air conditioning system temperature is 26 ℃, DCS (DCS) operating table height is 85 cm, height of the chair is 90 cm, chair Face height of 40 cm; operating unit operating unit mainly rely on the elbow and eye operation, the formation of the power chain, sitting position without load center of gravity. The intensity of noise field test is less than 70 d B (A). The height of the drop port for artificial feeding is 85 cm. The working power unit mainly operates on the lower limbs, the waist, the elbows and the eyes, and is the center of gravity for the lighter load. On-site inspection operation The power unit is mainly operated by the lower limbs, the waist, the elbow and the eye operation, which is the center of gravity of the human body with a lighter weight standing position and the center of gravity is close to the human body with great force symmetry; the temperature of the air in the field is affected by the weather changes and the production equipment, In summer, there is high temperature damage, but workers are mainly exposed for a short period of time with less damage. The intensity of the noise field test is LEX, 8h = 86.3 d B (A). Occupational hazards test results show that, in addition to noise pass detection rate of 71.43%, the detection rate of other hazardous factors pass rate of 100%. Conclusion The enterprise is basically feasible in terms of reasonably exerting force, man-machine system, working environment and labor organization. However, there are some influencing factors of occupational ergonomics and further improvement of occupational ergonomics.