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核酸适配子是利用配体指数级富集系统进化技术从单链寡核苷酸文库中筛选出的与靶物质有高亲和力和特异性的寡核苷酸,它已成为小分子化合物研究的有效工具,在分析化学领域逐渐成为人们研究的热点。当前已筛选了许多小分子物质特异性适配子,并基于适配子开发了一系列小分子物质检测系统。本文主要对SELEX筛选流程、小分子物质核酸适配子筛选特征与方法以及以核酸适配子为基础开发的电化学法、荧光法、胶体金比色法、酶联适配子免疫法等在小分子物质检测中的应用进行了综述。
Nucleic acid aptamers are oligonucleotides that have high affinity and specificity for target substances that have been screened from single-stranded oligonucleotide libraries using the exponential enrichment phylogenetic tree of ligands and have been investigated as small molecule compounds Effective tools in the field of analytical chemistry has gradually become the focus of research. A number of small molecule-specific aptamers have now been screened and a series of small molecule detection systems have been developed based on aptamers. In this paper, the SELEX screening process, screening characteristics and methods of small molecule nucleic acid aptamers and electrochemical methods based on aptamers, fluorescence, colloidal gold colorimetry, enzyme linked aptamer immunoassay The application of small molecule detection is reviewed.