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1 引言在今后10到20年内,电子元器件的日趋小型化使一个微电子元件所涉及的原子数目达到一个或几个原子,而一个逻辑操作耗能将达到不可逆逻辑操作的热力学极限KT量级,这种趋势使人们不得不考虑原子遵循的量子力学规律将对未来的计算产生什么影响。另一方面,当人们使用功能强大的经典计算机模拟量子力学体系时,发现存在原则上的根本困难,即计算资源(时间、空间)将随着量子体系粒子数、自由度的增大而成指数倍增大。这就预示着按量子规律运行的计算机可能具有超出经典计算机的能力。
1 INTRODUCTION In the next 10 to 20 years, the miniaturization of electronic components has brought the number of atoms involved in a microelectronic element to one or several atoms, while the energy consumption of one logic operation will reach the thermodynamic limit KT of irreversible logic operation This trend has forced one to consider how the laws of quantum mechanics followed by the atom will have an impact on the calculation of the future. On the other hand, when people use the powerful classical computer to simulate the quantum mechanics system, they find that there is a fundamental fundamental difficulty in computing resources (time and space) with the number of particles in the quantum system and the degree of freedom increasing Doubled. This indicates that a computer running quantum may have the ability to go beyond a classical computer.