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按照国际通用的分类方法,皮型卫星是特指重量在1kg以下的微小卫星。随着微电子技术的发展,特别是近年来以微机电系统(MEMS)和微光机电系统为代表的微米和纳米技术的发展,使得皮型卫星的实现成为可能。由于皮型卫星在军民领域都存在着巨大的应用潜力,因此它已成为继纳型卫星之后各国争相研究的新热点。自2001年起,清华大学开展了皮型卫星方面的研究,提出研制一颗名为“MEMS卫星”的固态化皮型卫星。本文通过分析作者两年来搜集的国际皮型卫星资料,从研究背景、意义、特点、进展等方面阐述了研制皮型卫星的必要性和可行性,并介绍了MEMS卫星的相关研究进展情况。
According to the international classification method, the skin type satellites are those tiny satellites that weigh less than 1 kg. With the development of microelectronic technology, especially in recent years, the development of micro and nano technologies, represented by MEMS and micro-electro-mechanical systems, has made it possible to realize the satellites. As the skin-type satellites in the military and civilian areas have great potential for application, so it has become a new type of satellite after competing countries competing for new hot spots. Since 2001, Tsinghua University has carried out research on the skin type satellites and proposed the development of a solid state skin type satellites named “MEMS satellites.” This article analyzes the necessity and feasibility of developing skin type satellites from the research background, significance, characteristics and progress by analyzing the international skin type satellites data collected by the authors over the past two years. The progress of related research on MEMS satellites is also introduced.