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Abstract:Tourismisacomplexphenomenonthatencompassessociety,theeconomy,andtheenvironment.With theglobalexpansionofthetourismindustryfollowingtheSecondWorldWar,itsimpactshavereceivedincreasing attention.Inparticular,thesocioculturalimpactsoftourismhaveemergedasacoretopicandpriorityareawithin tourismgeographysincethe1960s,whenitbecameanestablishedfieldofinquiryinEnglish?speakingcountries.In thispaper,authorsreviewandexaminetheliteratureontourism’ssocioculturalimpactsextractedfromseveral majorjournals.Throughanassessmentofthisliterature,authorsidentifiedandselectedapproximately100relevant studiesfortheanalysis.MargaretDeeryhasdividedtheprocessofconductingsocioculturalimpactresearchinto severalstages.Authorstracekeydevelopmentsintheresearchontourism’ssocioculturalimpactssincethe21st Century,focusingtheanalysisonfouraspects:residents’perceptions,culturalchanges,placeidentity,and socialstructures.Authors’reviewandanalysisshowthatresearchcontentinthisfieldhasdevelopedrapidlyin depthandbreadth,bothinChinaandabroad.However,thisresearchhasmainlybeenempiricalandfocusedon communitiesandtourism,withlessattentionpaidtoaspectsoflaw.Ingeneral,theliteraturerevealssimilar conclusions,withalackofdiscussionofinfluentialfactorsandmechanisms,andslowtheoreticalprogress.Mostof thestudiesare,therefore,ofthe“fillingin”ratherthanthe“forward?looking”variety,offeringlittlescopefor guidingpractice.Conceptually,theyrelyonsocialexchangetheorytopredictandexplainresidents’perceptions andattitudestowardstourism,andonlifecycletheory,whichassumesthattheattitudesandbehaviorofresidents willchangeaccordingtothedifferentdevelopmentalstagesoftourism.However,inthetwenty?firstcentury,the theoreticalframesusedintourismstudieshavebroadenedconsiderablytoincludedisciplinessuchassociology,anthropology,economics,andecology.Forexample,recentstudieshaveadoptedawiderangeoftheoretical constructssuchascommunityattachment,emotionalsolidarity,creativedestruction,socialdisruption,actor? networks,resilienceassessments,landscapeinformationchains,andculturalsystems.Thesehavevariouslybeen usedtoanalyzethefoursocioculturalaspectsoftourism’simpactthathavebeendescribed.However,although engagingwithmultidisciplinarytheoriesisimportantintourismresearch,theevolutionof“homegrown”theories specifictothisfieldofinquiryisevenmorevaluable,andmarksacriticalstepinthematuringofthefield. Regardingresearchmethods,theanalysisshowedthatquestionnairesurveysandstructuralequationmodelswere mainlyusedtoidentifyandassessresidents’perceptions,attitudes,andbehaviorrelatingtotourism.Qualitative methodswererarelyusedforthisaspectoftheresearch.Occasionally,mailcommunicationsandphonecallswere usedasmethodsofdatacollection.Conversely,qualitativeresearchmethodssuchassemi?structuredinterviews,in? depthinterviews,andethnographywereusedtoexploretheimpactoftourismonculturalchanges,placeidentity,and socialstructures.Additionally,focusgroups,informalconversationsandnarratives,aswellassomeofthe quantitativemethodsweresometimesused.Lastly,authorsreflectinthispaperontheprospectsofthisfieldof inquiryinviewofthetrendtowardsglobalizationofplace.Inconclusion,authorssuggestthatinthisneweraoflocal? globalrelations,sustainabledevelopmentofthetourismindustryandbuildingharmoniouslinkagesbetweentourists,residents,andimmigrationprocessesarerequiredtopromoteeffectivemanagementandbestpracticesintourism.
Keywords:socioculturalimpactsoftourism;residents’perceptions;culturalchange;placeidentity;social structures
Keywords:socioculturalimpactsoftourism;residents’perceptions;culturalchange;placeidentity;social structures