本文围绕烃类微渗漏造成地表土壤蚀变的褪红、粘土矿化和碳酸盐化等3项标志,在江汉油田进行了相关的地球化学信息和光谱信息研究。在研究土壤成分特征的基础上,提出了反映3项蚀变标志的成分因子;在研究土壤光谱特征的基础上,提出了与蚀变成分因子相关的TM波段比值因子;在成分因子及TM波段比值因子的统计分析基础上,探索从室内土壤光谱数据中提取和烃类微渗漏蚀变相关的信息,并为图像特征信息提取奠定了基础。 In this paper, geochemical information and spectral information related to the micro-leakage of hydrocarbons caused by soil erosion, clay mineralization and carbonation caused by hydrocarbon leaking were studied. On the basis of studying the characteristics of soil components, the composition factors that reflect the three alteration marks are put forward. Based on the study of the spectral characteristics of soil, the TM band ratio factors related to the alteration composition factors are proposed. In the composition factor and TM band Based on the statistical analysis of the ratio factor, we explored the extraction of the information related to hydrocarbon microleakage alteration from the indoor soil spectral data, and laid the foundation for the extraction of the image feature information.