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以‘香白杏’(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.‘Xiangbaixing’)成年树和离体花束状果枝为试材,研究开花前及花期高温对花质量和物候期变化的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,扣棚期间棚内日均温升高3.6℃,日均最高温升高12℃,日均最低温降低0.5℃;开花前及花期高温使物候期加快,花期变短,棚内出现畸形花,高温(25℃)处理的离体果枝出现花蕾干枯、脱落的现象;开花前及花期高温会促使雌蕊长度、子房横径变小,雌蕊重量、完全花比例、花粉发芽率和座果率降低。由此可见,开花前和花期高温可促使香白杏提前开花,花期缩短,雌蕊长度、子房横径变短,完全花比例降低,雌蕊重量减小,花粉发芽率降低,从而导致雌蕊败育,雄蕊质量降低,最终造成座果率下降。
The adult tree of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.’Xiangbaixing ’and the fruiting branch in vitro were used as materials to study the effects of pre-flowering and flowering high temperature on the change of flower quality and phenophase. The results showed that compared with the control, the average daily temperature of greenhouse shedding increased by 3.6 ℃, the average daily temperature increased by 12 ℃ and the average daily minimum temperature decreased by 0.5 ℃. The pre-flowering and flowering increased the phenological period, Short, shed deformity flowers, high temperature (25 ℃) treatment of detached fruit branches appeared bud dry, shedding phenomenon; flowering before and flowering will lead to the pistil length, ovary smaller diameter, pistil weight, complete flower ratio, Pollen germination rate and fruit set rate decreased. Thus, pre-flowering and flowering high temperature can promote the early flowering incense white apricot, flowering shortened, pistil length, ovary transverse diameter becomes shorter, the proportion of complete flower reduced pistil weight decreased, pollen germination rate decreased, resulting in pistil abortion , Reduce the quality of stamens, eventually resulting in decreased fruit set.