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目的观察并比较无色和黑色塑料地膜覆盖法在云南省有螺排灌沟的短期灭螺效果。方法选择钉螺密度较高的排灌沟,设单纯无色地膜覆盖组、单纯黑色地膜覆盖组、无色地膜覆盖施药组和黑色地膜覆盖施药组4个组。在实验前以及覆盖地膜后7、14、21、30 d对各组进行螺情调查,观察钉螺死亡率,并定时记录土表温度、膜内土表及土下5、15cm处温度及每日天气情况。结果单纯无色地膜覆盖组钉螺平均死亡率(15.29%)略高于单纯黑色地膜覆盖组(6.56%)(P<0.01),两组灭螺效果均不理想。两种地膜覆盖并辅以灭螺药,均能增加钉螺死亡率;无色、黑色地膜施药覆盖组钉螺平均死亡率分别为40.80%、50.15%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两种塑料地膜均能提高膜内土表及土内温度,并且随着覆盖时间的延长膜内土壤温度均呈升高趋势,黑色地膜覆盖后30 d平均膜内土表温度高于无色地膜。结论云南省有螺排灌沟不宜大范围使用地膜覆盖法灭螺,如必须使用地膜,需辅以灭螺药物。
Objective To observe and compare the short-term snail-killing effects of the colorless and black plastic film mulching in the snail irrigation ditch in Yunnan Province. Methods The irrigation and drainage ditches with high snail density were set up. Four groups of pure and colorless plastic film mulching group, pure black mulching film group, colorless mulching film and black mulching film application group were selected. Before the experiment and 7,14,21,30 d after the film mulching, snail investigation was conducted on each group to observe the mortality of snails, and the temperature of the soil surface was recorded regularly. Weather conditions Results The average mortality rate of snail (15.29%) was slightly higher than that of the pure black plastic film covered group (6.56%) (P <0.01). The snail killing effect was not satisfactory in both groups. The two kinds of mulching and supplemented with snail control could increase the mortality of snails. The average mortality of snail was 40.80% and 50.15% respectively in the blank and black film mulching groups. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05). Both plastic film can increase the temperature in soil surface and soil in the film, and the soil temperature in the film increased with the extension of time. The mean surface temperature of soil in 30 days after the black film mulching was higher than that of the colorless film . Conclusion The snail irrigation ditch in Yunnan Province should not be extensively used for mollusc membrane mulching. If the mulch film must be used, it should be supplemented by snail drugs.