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在十七世紀末叶,荷蘭人安东·雷文胡克用放大鏡观察人的牙垢,很驚奇地發現了細小的生物,这些小生物运动非常活潑,数目極多。雷文胡克曾就这件事寫道:“在整个联合王國內的居民也沒有像存在於我自己口腔内的小动物那样多。”这就是被人們第一次所發現的微生物,它們是肉眼看不見的極其微細的生物,它的大小要用千分之一毫米來測量,体重很輕,三十億醋酸酵母菌的总重量大約在一毫克左右。科学家們在年代最古老的地層中,也找到微生物的痕跡,这証明了早在原始植物出現以前,微生物就已經在地面上居留了。
In the late seventeenth century, the Dutchman Anton Leeuwenhoek used a magnifying glass to observe the tartar of humans. He was surprised to discover the tiny creatures. The creatures were very active and the number was very high. Ravenhoek once wrote on this matter: “The residents in the whole of the United Kingdom are not as much as the small animals that are in my own mouth.” This is the microbe that was discovered for the first time by people. They are seen by the naked eye. The extremely tiny organisms that are not seen are measured in millimeters in millimeters. They are very light and the total weight of 3 billion acetic yeasts is about one milligram. Scientists also found traces of microbes in the oldest strata of the time, demonstrating that microbes were already on the ground long before primitive plants appeared.