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【目的】穗粒数是水稻产量构成因子之一。为明确减数分裂期高温对水稻穗粒数的可能影响,构建其定量估算模型,【方法】于2014-2015年以两优培九和南粳45为供试材料,于减数分裂期设置不同强度和持续时间的高温处理,以自然无高温环境为对照,分析了减数分裂期不同高温强度和高温持续时间对穗粒数的影响,建立了减数分裂期高温与穗粒数的定量关系,最后根据温度日变化特征,构建了自然环境下的减数分裂期高温对穗粒数的定量影响算法。【结果】减数分裂期高温对穗粒数的影响程度与高温强度、持续时间有关。同样高温条件下,穗粒数随高温持续天数增加呈指数减少;日相对穗粒数随温度增加而减少,可用二次曲线进行描述。穗粒数对高温敏感的终止时间大约为抽穗前5 d。利用2015年试验资料对上述模型进行了检验,两优培九和南粳45穗粒数模拟值的相对均方根差为0.094和0.085,说明模型可很好地模拟减数期高温对穗粒数的影响。【结论】对完善高温对水稻生长过程的定量影响具有重要作用。
【Objective】 Spike grain number is one of the factors of rice yield. In order to clarify the possible influence of high temperature on rice grain-number at the stage of meiosis, a quantitative estimation model was constructed. 【Method】 Two rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu and Nanjing 45, The effects of different high temperature intensity and duration of high temperature on the number of grains per spike at meiosis were analyzed. The quantitative relationship between the number of grains at high temperature and the number of grains per spike was established. Finally, According to the diurnal variation of temperature, a quantitative effect algorithm of high temperature during meiosis on spike grain number under natural environment was constructed. 【Result】 The effect of high temperature during meiosis on the number of grains per spike was related to the high temperature intensity and duration. Under the same high temperature, the number of grains per spike decreased exponentially with the increase of days at high temperature. The number of grains per day decreased with increasing temperature, which could be described by quadratic curve. The termination time of grain number sensitive to high temperature was about 5 d before heading. The above model was tested using the 2015 experimental data. The relative root mean square (RMS) differences of the spikelets numbers of Liangyoupeijiu and Nanjing 45 were 0.094 and 0.085 respectively, indicating that the model can well simulate the effect of high temperature in the reduction period on the number of grains per spike . 【Conclusion】 It is important to improve the quantitative effects of high temperature on rice growth.