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一、云南省基础教育的现状 云南是一个多民族的边疆山区省,全省有5个市、3个地区、8个民族自治州、128个县(市、区),有39.4万平方公里土地,4500万人口,与缅甸、越南、老挝接壤,国境线4063公里,山区、半山区占全省总面积的94％。5000人以上的世居的少数民族25个,居全国第一位,少数民族人口1410万,占全省总人数的1/3,列全国第二位。云南省有多种气候类型,素有植物王国、动物王国、有色金属王国之称,水利、旅游资源丰富。然而与云南省丰富的自然资源不匹配的是云南落后的教育,突出表现在4个方面。其一,经济、文化基础薄弱,发展极不平衡。新中国成立前,云南少数民族地区具有多种社会经济形态,生产力水平低,文化教育落后,贫穷与愚昧共存。
I. The current situation of basic education in Yunnan Province Yunnan is a multi-ethnic frontier mountainous province. There are 5 cities, 3 districts, 8 ethnic autonomous prefectures and 128 counties (cities, districts) in the whole province. There are 394,000 square kilometers of land. With a population of 45 million, it borders Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, and its border line is 4063 kilometers. Mountainous regions and semi-mountainous regions account for 94% of the total area of the province. There are 25 ethnic minorities with a population of 5,000 or more, ranking the first in the country. The population of ethnic minorities is 14.1 million, which accounts for 1/3 of the total number of the province and ranks second in the country. Yunnan Province has many types of climate, known as the Kingdom of Plants, Kingdom of Animals and Kingdom of Nonferrous Metals. It is rich in water resources and tourism resources. However, the backward education in Yunnan, which does not match Yunnan’s rich natural resources, is highlighted in four aspects. First, the economic and cultural foundations are weak and the development is extremely uneven. Before the founding of New China, Yunnan’s ethnic minority areas had a variety of socio-economic patterns, low levels of productivity, backward cultural education, and poverty coexisted with ignorance.