“非常上诉程序”与“再审程序”是台湾地区“刑事诉讼法”规定的两项重要制度。两者同属于特别的救济制度,是在一、二、三审之外,对已确立裁判进行重新审查的特殊诉讼程序。但两者的制度设计理念不同。非常上诉制度的主要目的是保证法律的正确实施,对当事人的救济功能处于相对次要的地位。再审制度则是把发现事实认定上的重大错误作为制度设计的出发点,当事人的救济功能放在首要的位置,不涉及法律统一适用问题。另外,提请人、管辖法院、申请时限、审理范围、审理形式等程序设计方面,两者也有诸多不同。 “Appeal Procedure ” and “Retrial Procedure ” are two important systems stipulated in Taiwan “Criminal Procedure Law ”. Both belong to the special relief system and are the special procedures for re-examining the established referees beyond the first, second and third trials. However, the two systems are different in concept of design. The main purpose of the system of appeals is to ensure the correct implementation of the law, the party’s relief functions in a relatively secondary position. The system of retrial is based on the discovery of a major mistake in the identification of facts as the starting point of the system design. The parties’ relief functions are placed at the top of the priority list. There is no issue concerning the uniform application of laws. In addition, there are many differences between the two in terms of program design such as the people, the court of jurisdiction, the time limit for application, the scope of proceedings and the form of trial.