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采用整群抽样方法,在相关省(直辖市、自治区),选择石油化工、冶金、铁路运输、电子制造、机械制造五类典型行业的女职工开展生殖健康问卷调查。有效问卷24 572份,有效率98.7%。女职工平均年龄(37.9±8.4)岁,接触职业有害因素的女职工占54.1%。近3个月,月经异常的女职工(16~45岁)占34.2%;其中石油化工和冶金行业的女职工月经异常率较高,分别为39.8%和36.7%。36.3%的女职工患妇科疾病,石油化工、铁路运输行业比例较高。患有妇科炎症的女职工占21.2%,冶金和石油化工行业罹患率较高。罹患子宫肌瘤的女职工平均占8.5%,铁路运输、石油化工行业比例较高。罹患卵巢疾病的女职工平均占1.8%,铁路运输、石油化工行业比例较高。发生乳腺增生的女职工平均占19.7%,石油化工行业比例较高。提示工作环境中接触职业性有害因素、工作体位、工作时间等是影响女职工生殖健康的重要因素,在开展女职工健康促进工作中,应根据行业特点,加强劳动保护,改善管理策略和劳动环境。
Using cluster sampling method, the questionnaire survey on reproductive health of female workers in five typical industries of petrochemical industry, metallurgy, railway transportation, electronics manufacturing and machinery manufacturing was conducted in relevant provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions). There were 2472 valid questionnaires with an effective rate of 98.7%. The average age of female workers (37.9 ± 8.4) years, female workers exposed to occupational hazards accounted for 54.1%. In the recent 3 months, the number of female employees (16-45 years old) with abnormal menstruation accounted for 34.2%. Among them, women workers in the petrochemical and metallurgical industries experienced high menstrual abnormalities of 39.8% and 36.7% respectively. 36.3% of female employees suffer from gynecological diseases, petrochemicals, rail transport industry a higher proportion. Female workers suffering from gynecological inflammation accounted for 21.2%, the metallurgical and petrochemical industries suffering from higher rates. Women suffering from uterine fibroids accounted for an average of 8.5%, a higher proportion of rail transport, petrochemical industry. Women suffering from ovarian diseases account for an average of 1.8%, with a high percentage of railway transportation and petrochemical industries. An average of 19.7% of female employees have breast hyperplasia, a higher proportion of the petrochemical industry. It is suggested that exposure to occupational harmful factors, working position and working hours in the work environment are important factors affecting the reproductive health of female workers. In carrying out the health promotion work for female workers, we should step up labor protection, improve management strategies and working environment according to the characteristics of the industry .