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社会学是在西方工业革命和资产阶级革命的历史背景下产生的,同时又与之前的启蒙运动思想有一定的渊源,尤其受当时自然科学的影响很大。可以说,一方面,为了摆脱哲学形而上抽象的思维束缚而把人们从天堂拉回人间,所以需要自然科学理性的精神;另一方面,为了脱离哲学的阴影而获得独立的学科地位,需要借鉴当时发达盛行的自然科学方法。最终导致自然科学主客二元对立的思维方式在社会学身上打上深刻的“烙印”。
Sociology was produced under the historical background of the Western industrial revolution and the bourgeois revolution, and at the same time, it had some origin with the thought of the Enlightenment before, especially influenced by the natural sciences of that time. It can be said that on the one hand, in order to get rid of the shackles of philosophical metaphysical abstraction and pull people back from heaven to earth, the spirit of natural science rationality is needed; on the other hand, in order to obtain independent disciplinary status out of the shadow of philosophy, Developed popular natural science methods. Ultimately lead to the subject of science and natural science dualistic way of thinking in the sociology of body marked “deep ” brand.