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目的了解湖南省贫困农村地区6~23月龄婴幼儿生长发育状况。方法2009—2015年在湖南省54个贫困县按乡级概率比例规模抽样(PPS)方法,调查15 248名6~23月龄婴幼儿,测量其身长、体重,依据《WHO儿童生长发育标准》计算WHZ、WAZ、HAZ和年龄别BMI Z评分,得出婴幼儿消瘦发生率、低体重发生率、生长迟缓发生率以及低体质指数发生率,并以《WHO儿童生长发育标准》为参数评价儿童体格发育水平。结果湖南省贫困农村地区6~23月龄婴幼儿女童和男童体重均值分别为9.17和9.79 kg,身长均值分别为75.53和77.19 cm,BMI均值分别为15.96和16.40,男童体重、身长及BMI均值均高于女童,差异有统计学意义(t体重=25.9,P<0.01;t_(身长)=15.3,P<0.01;t_(BMI)=17.9,P<0.01)。6~23月龄婴幼儿中不同月龄组男性儿童身长、体重与WHO标准比较差异有统计学意义(t=17.1,P<0.01;t=37.0,P<0.01;t=40.1,P<0.01;t=12.3,P<0.01);不同月龄组女性儿童身长、体重与WHO标准比较差异有统计学意义(t=17.2,P<0.01;t=31.2,P<0.01;t=30.5,P<0.01;t=13.9,P<0.01)。6~23月龄婴幼儿消瘦发生率为3.9%,低体重发生率为5.1%,生长迟缓发生率为7.2%,低体质指数发生率3.9%,男性的低体重发生率和生长迟缓发生率高于女性,随着月龄增加,低体重发生率和生长迟缓发生率具有一定的上升趋势(χ2=6.2,P=0.04)。结论湖南省贫困农村地区6~23月龄婴幼儿存在比较严重的营养和生长发育落后问题,与《WHO儿童生长发育标准》差距明显,应提高农村地区儿童保健服务能力和儿童喂养知识水平,有效改善农村儿童营养状况。
Objective To understand the growth and development of infants and young children aged 6 ~ 23 months in impoverished rural areas of Hunan Province. Methods A total of 15,248 infants from 6 to 23 months of age were surveyed in 54 poor counties in Hunan Province from 2009 to 2015 according to the Probability Scale Scale (PPS) method. The body length and body weight were measured. According to the WHO Children’s Growth and Development Standard, WHZ, WAZ, HAZ and age-specific BMI Z scores were calculated, and the incidence of weight loss, low birth weight, the incidence of growth retardation and the incidence of low BMI in infants and toddlers were calculated. Children were also evaluated according to the WHO Children’s Growth and Development Standard Physical development level. Results The mean body weights of infants aged 6-23 months in Hunan Province were 9.17 and 9.79 kg, respectively, with mean body length of 75.53 and 77.19 cm respectively, and mean body mass index (BMI) of 15.96 and 16.40 respectively. The body weight, body length and BMI mean (T body weight = 25.9, P <0.01; t_ (length) = 15.3, P <0.01; t BMI = 17.9, P <0.01). The body weight and body weight of boys of different ages in 6-23 months old infants and young children were significantly different from WHO standards (t = 17.1, P <0.01; t = 37.0, P <0.01; t = 40.1, P <0.01 ; t = 12.3, P <0.01). There was significant difference between the body weight and the WHO standard in different age groups (t = 17.2, P <0.01; t = 31.2, P <0.01; t = 30.5, P <0.01; t = 13.9, P <0.01). The prevalence of weight loss among infants and young children aged 6-23 months was 3.9%, the incidence of low weight was 5.1%, the rate of growth retardation was 7.2%, the incidence of low body mass index 3.9%, and the incidence of low body weight and growth retardation in males was high In women, the prevalence of low birth weight and growth retardation increased with the increase of age (χ2 = 6.2, P = 0.04). Conclusions There is a serious problem of nutrition and growth retardation in infants from 6 to 23 months of age in impoverished rural areas of Hunan Province. There is a clear gap between them and WHO standard of child growth and development, which should improve the children’s health care ability and knowledge of child feeding in rural areas. Improve the nutritional status of rural children.