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晚清十年,清政府在内外压力之下进行的与外交相关的立法,推进了近代中国的外交最高权力划分的法制化进程:谕旨设立的“新政”“统汇之区”督办政务处,开始全面参与最高的外交决策,并进而形成了皇权之下的军机处、督办政务处二元外交决策机制;《钦定宪法大纲》则第一次明确的以宪法的形式规定了皇帝的外交权力范围;《资政院院章》规定了资政院对外交事件的“议决”权,《内阁官制》下的外交行政权表现为皇帝主持下的内阁总理大臣与外务大臣的权力平衡,《弼德院官制》则赋予弼德院对外交事件的顾问权;《十九信条》则最终把外交决策权交给了国会。
In the late Qing Dynasty, the diplomatic related legislation carried out by the Qing government under the pressure of both inside and outside China advanced the legalization process of dividing the supreme power of diplomacy in modern China: the “New Deal”, the “ Supervised the Office of State Affairs, began to fully participate in the supreme diplomatic decision-making, and then formed under the imperial power of the Military Aircraft Division, supervision of the Diplomatic Office of the dual diplomatic decision-making mechanism; the ”Constitutional Outline“ is the first clear constitutional form of the emperor Of the scope of diplomatic power; ”Abschlussballkleid“ provides for the ”power of attorney“ diplomatic ”“ decision ”diplomatic executive power under the“ Cabinet Official ”performance as the emperor under the leadership of the Minister of the Prime Minister and foreign minister The balance of power, “Bute de l’Oriente” gives the Bute German Court the right to consult on diplomatic matters; “Nineteen Creed” is the final decision of the diplomatic power to the National Assembly.