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【目的】探讨麦秸秆还田与施氮技术对直播水稻产量、品质的影响及氮肥利用效率的表现。【方法】以直播粳稻扬粳9538为材料进行大田对比试验,设置麦秸还田与不还田、实地氮肥管理(SSNM)和农民习惯施肥法(FFP)等处理,测定水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用效率。【结果】无论是SSNM还是FFP,与秸秆未还田相比,秸秆还田降低了单位面积穗数,提高了每穗粒数、结实率与千粒重,增加了产量,改善了稻米的外观品质与蒸煮品质。与FFP相比,SSNM显著提高水稻产量,降低了稻米蛋白质含量,改善了稻米的食味性。秸秆还田结合SSNM增大了籽粒最大灌浆速率与平均灌浆速率,缩短了活跃灌浆期,增加了粒重,并提高了氮收获指数、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮肥偏生产力。【结论】秸秆还田结合SSNM可增加产量,改善稻米品质,提高氮肥利用效率。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of wheat straw returning to field and nitrogen application on the yield and quality of direct seeding rice and the performance of nitrogen use efficiency. 【Method】 The direct-seeded japonica hybrid rice Yangjing 9538 was used to conduct field experiment, and the treatments such as returning wheat with straw to non-returning straw, field nitrogen management (SSNM) and farmers’ habitual fertilization (FFP) were used to determine the yield and quality of rice and the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer effectiveness. 【Result】 The results showed that straw returning reduced the number of panicles per unit area, increased grain number per spike, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, increased yield and improved the appearance quality of rice compared with no straw returning Cooking quality. Compared with FFP, SSNM significantly increased the yield of rice, reduced the protein content of rice, and improved the taste of rice. Straw incorporation and SSNM increased the maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate, shortened the active grain filling stage and increased the grain weight, and increased the nitrogen harvest index, the nitrogen absorption and utilization rate, the nitrogen and agronomic utilization rate, the nitrogen physiological utilization rate and Nitrogen fertility. 【Conclusion】 Combining straw with SSNM can increase yield, improve rice quality and increase nitrogen use efficiency.