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本文根据造办处“活计档”中的相关记载,对于内务府造办处各作工匠的构成、选拔、待遇、奖惩及其在劳作期间产生的身心健康等问题进行了概述,并对此间造办处事故频发的原因做了初步的探讨。有证据表明,虽然相关机构对工匠们的控制十分严格,并且施行了一些鼓励生产、提高其劳动积极性的举措。但相关制度甚至皇帝旨意,并不能对工匠的所有行为进行全面掌控,其原因多种多样。仅以乾隆一朝为例,造办处中不断出现的各种事故以及诸多工匠的人事个案,既是乾隆时期皇权对于造办处控制力度继续增强的表现,同时也反映了造办处工匠的人身自由程度得到提高。
According to the related records in the office of “Living Archives”, this article gives an overview of the composition, selection, treatment, rewards and punishments of the artisans in the House of Representatives Office and their physical and mental health during work. During this period, the cause of frequent accidents at the office was initially discussed. There is evidence that although the relevant agencies control the artisans strictly, they have implemented some measures to encourage production and increase their enthusiasm for work. However, the relevant system and even the imperial will did not give full control over all the craftsmen’s actions for a variety of reasons. Taking Qianlong’s example as an example, the continual emergence of various accidents in the establishment office and the personnel cases of many artisans are not only the manifestation of the continued strengthening of the imperial power’s control of the establishment office during the Qianlong period, but also the personalities of craftsmen at the establishment office The degree of freedom is improved.