The off-plane propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in a two-dimensional (2D) graphite photonic crystal structure was studied using transfer matrix method. Transmission spectra calculations indicate that such a 2D structure has a common band gap from
Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) thin films are prepared by a single-stage process and a three-stage process at low temperature in the co-evaporation equipment. The quite different morphologies of CIGS thin films deposited by two methods are characterized by