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目的:了解上海市病残儿医学鉴定的相关情况。方法:采用回顾性资料分析及问卷调查的方式对上海市杨浦区、浦东新区、奉贤区1998～2006年第一孩鉴定为病残儿并已审批同意生育第二孩的429例家庭进行研究。结果:本次调查病残儿共涉及72个病种,其中神经系统疾病占50.8%;明确诊断为遗传性疾病的9种;先天及围产期致残占37.8%;先天性非遗传性和先天性遗传性疾病合计占45.0%;在已生育的241例二孩中,病残再发生率为2.1%(5例);有50.0%的第一胎遗传性疾病病残儿家庭因接受优生指导而避免了二胎病残儿的出生。结论:神经系统疾病仍是本市病残儿的第一大疾病;遗传性疾病有所减少;先天因素也是致残的主要原因,但不明原因的残疾已居首位。患有出生缺陷性疾病是申请病残儿鉴定的主要原因;二孩病残再发生率不高。
Objectives: To understand the relevant situation of medical identification of disabled children in Shanghai. Methods: A retrospective data analysis and questionnaire survey was conducted in 429 cases of first trimester in Shanghai Yangpu District, Pudong New District and Fengxian District from 1998 to 2006 as disabled children and the second child who had the second child consent. Results: A total of 72 diseases were involved in this survey, of which 50.8% were nervous system diseases, 9 were diagnosed as hereditary diseases, 37.8% were congenital and perinatal, 37% were congenital and non-genetic Of the 241 cases of the second child who have been born, the incidence of residual disease was 2.1% (5 cases); 50.0% of the first-born children with inherited diseases had euthymes Guidance to avoid the birth of a second child disabled. CONCLUSIONS: Nervous system diseases are still the number one disease among disabled children in this Municipality; hereditary diseases have been reduced; congenital factors are also the major causes of disability but disability of unknown causes ranks first. The birth of a child with a defective disease is the main reason for the identification of disabled children; second child residual disease is not high.