一既然社会科学是关于人的科学,那么对于人性的判断就是社会科学研究必须直面的根本性问题。社会科学的一些基本范畴都离不开对人性的讨论或预设,譬如激励机制、政治参与、社会整合、战争与冲突、信任与合作、革命与社会运动。对人性的设定,常常是社会科学研究者进行逻辑推演的原点。人类学、历史学等人文学科一般通过丰富细腻的个案呈现人性的复杂性和内在矛盾。刘绍华的 Since social science is about human science, judging human nature is a fundamental issue that social science research must face. Some basic categories of social science are inseparable from the discussion or presupposition of human nature, such as incentive mechanism, political participation, social integration, war and conflict, trust and cooperation, revolution and social movement. The setting of human nature is often the origin of logical deduction by social science researchers. Anthropology, history and other humanities generally through the rich and delicate case presents the complexity of human nature and inherent contradictions. Liu Shaohua’s