一、概论铁路是一种适于大运量、远距离、高速度、低成本、全天候的重要交通运输工具。列宁说过:“铁路是一个重要的环节。是城市与乡村间、工业与农业间最明显的联系的表现之一。社会主义是完全建立在这个联系上的。”毛主席早把铁路称为“先行官”。小平同志指出:“怎样才能把国民经济搞上去?分析的结果,当前的薄弱环节是铁路。”党的十二大确定为 I. Introduction The railway is an important means of transportation suitable for large capacity, long distance, high speed, low cost and all-weather. Lenin said: “The railroad is an important link and one of the most obvious links between cities and villages, industry and agriculture. Socialism is completely linked to this connection.” Chairman Mao earlier called the railway the “Pioneer officer.” Comrade Xiaoping pointed out: “As a result of the analysis of the national economy, the current weak link is the railway.” The 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China